Risk of Neck Hematoma Following Thyroidectomy in Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis from Nine High-Volume European Centers (RAGNO Study)

• DOI: 10.3390/jcm14103435
• Publication Date: 2025-05-14T14:06:52Z
• Authors: Gian Luigi Canu; Fabio Medas; Federico Cappellacci; Giulia Lanzolla; Leonardo Rossi; Francesco Pennestrì; Giacomo Di Filippo; Angeliki Chorti; Pierpaolo Gallucci; Andrea De Palma; Carlo Enrico Ambr...; Ioannis Pliakos; Moysis Moysidis; Valentine Luzuy-G...; Benoit Bédat; Giulia Salvi; Serena Elisa Tempera; Giulia Carnassale; Amelia Mattia; Giovanni Lazzari; Tommaso Guagni; Martina Izzo; Francesco Boi; Eleonora Morelli; Francesco Feroci; Emanuela Traini; Pietro Princi; Marco Stefano Dem...; Theodosios Papavr...; Marco Raffaelli; Gabriele Materazzi; Carmela De Crea; Pietro Giorgio Calò

Background: Postoperative neck hematoma is an infrequent but potentially fatal complication following thyroidectomy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on the occurrence of this complication. Methods: Patients who underwent thyroidectomy between January 2020 and December 2022 in nine high-volume thyroid surgery centers in Europe were retrospectively evaluated. Based on taking direct oral anticoagulants, patients were divided into two groups: the DOAC Group and the Control Group. Propensity score matching 1:1 was performed between the two groups, which were then compared through a univariate analysis. Results: The total number of patients enrolled based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria was 8985. Following propensity score matching, the study population consisted of 316 patients: 158 in the DOAC Group and 158 in the Control Group. In the DOAC Group, the overall incidence of neck hematoma was 5.70% (4.43% for neck hematomas managed conservatively, and 1.27% for those that required surgical revision of hemostasis). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the incidence of this complication. Hospital readmission due to neck hematoma was not observed in any patient. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the timing of the onset of neck hematomas that required surgical revision of hemostasis. Conclusions: This study showed that direct oral anticoagulants, in the field of thyroid surgery, have no impact on the occurrence of postoperative neck hematoma. Therefore, based on our findings, it can be concluded that thyroidectomy can be safely performed in patients taking this class of drugs.