Standard methods for rearing and selection ofApis melliferaqueens

• DOI: 10.3896/ibra.1.52.1.07
• Publication Date: 2013-01-29T16:20:50Z
• Authors: Ralph Büchler; Sreten Andonov; Kaspar Bienefeld; Cecilia Costa; Fani Hatjina; Nikola Kezic; Per Kryger; Marla Spivak; Aleksandar Uzunov; Jerzy Wilde
• Keywords: Queen (butterfly)

SummaryHere we cover a wide range of methods currently in use and recommended modern queen rearing, selection breeding. The recommendations are meant to equally serve as standards for both scientific practical beekeeping purposes. basic conditions different management techniques rearing described, including suitable technical equipment. As the success breeding programmes strongly depends on selective mating queens, subchapter is dedicated quality control stations. Recommendations handling queens complete section. improvement colony traits usually comparative testing colonies. Standardized organization performance tests measurement most common characters presented. Statistical data preconditions estimation values which integrate pedigree from many colonies possible described efficient method large populations. Alternative small populations or certain questions briefly mentioned, also an overview young fast developing field molecular tools. Because subject too be covered within this paper, plenty references given facilitate comprehensive studies.