Standard methods for virus research inApis mellifera

• DOI: 10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.22
• Publication Date: 2013-09-06T16:09:50Z
• Authors: Joachim R de Miranda; Lesley Bailey; Brenda V Ball; Philippe Blanchard; Giles E Budge; Nor Chejanovsky; Yan-Ping Chen; Laurent Gauthier; Elke Genersch; Dirk C de Graaf; Magali Ribière; Eugene Ryabov; Lina De Smet; Jozef J M van der...
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; queen-cell-virus; reverse-transcriptase pcr; messenger-rna quantification; picorna-like virus; 3. Good health; deformed-wing-virus; 03 medical and health sciences; adult honey-bees; rhopalosiphum-padi virus; quantitative rt-pcr; real-time pcr; bee-paralysis-virus

SummaryHoney bee virus research is an enormously broad area, ranging from subcellular molecular biology through physiology and behaviour, to individual and colony-level symptoms, transmission and epidemiology. The research methods used in virology are therefore equally diverse. This article covers those methods that are very particular to virological research in bees, with numerous cross-referrals to other BEEBOOK papers on more general methods, used in virology as well as other research. At the root of these methods is the realization that viruses at their most primary level inhabit a molecular, subcellular world, which they manipulate and interact with, to produce all higher order phenomena associated with virus infection and disease. Secondly, that viruses operate in an exponential world, while the host operates in a linear world and that much of the understanding and management of viruses hinges on reconciling these fundamental mathematical differences between virus and host. The article concentrates ...