Enhanced neurogenesis after ischemic stroke: The interplay between endogenous and exogenous stem cells

• DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00879
• Publication Date: 2025-01-17T10:00:20Z
• Authors: Ruxu Geng; Yuhe Wang; Renzhi Wang; Jun Wu; Xinjie Bao
• Keywords: Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a significant global health crisis, frequently resulting in disability or death, with limited therapeutic interventions available. Although various intrinsic reparative processes are initiated within the ischemic brain, these mechanisms often insufficient to restore neuronal functionality. This has led intensive investigation into use of exogenous stem cells as potential option. comprehensive review outlines ontogeny and activation endogenous neural adult brain following events, focus on impact cell-based therapies cells. Exogenous have been shown enhance proliferation via direct cell-to-cell contact through secretion growth factors exosomes. Additionally, implanted may recruit host from their niches infarct area by establishing so-called "biobridges." Furthermore, xenogeneic allogeneic can modify microenvironment infarcted tissue immunomodulatory angiogenic effects, thereby supporting neuroregeneration. Given convergence regulatory pathways between necessity for supportive microenvironment, we discuss three strategies simultaneously efficacy both cell types. These approaches include: (1) co-administration pharmacological agents alongside transplantation reduce apoptosis; (2) synergistic administration exosomes amplify paracrine effects; (3) integration hydrogels, which provide protective scaffold while facilitating regeneration reconstitution circuits. highlights interactions shared exogenously offer new insights improving treatment stroke.