Releasing the Brakes in Cancer

• DOI: 10.4172/1948-593x.1000147
• Publication Date: 2016-05-10T06:13:35Z
• Authors: Shweta Dubey; Ankita Garg
• Keywords: Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases where abnormal cell growth with potential to invade other body parts takes control normal homeostasis and becomes fatal if not timely rightly treated.There are more than 100 types cancers characterized so far many yet be identified.World Health Organization estimates, that worldwide in 2012 there were 4 million new cancer cases 8.2 related deaths.Amongst various treatment options available for cancer, immunotherapy offers an approach the focus on enhancing or even inducing antitumor immune response.Induction enhancement anti-tumor response formidable challenge because tumor cells use multiple evasion strategies avoid being detected eliminated by cells.Immune checkpoints refer network stimulatory inhibitory signaling pathways system which critical maintaining self-tolerance, limiting tissue damage modulating quality response.Substantial evidence indicates up regulation molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1) subvert activation antigen specific Teffector cells.Therefore, blockade may one way revitalizing exhausted tumors.Using this approach, antibodies directed against CTLA-4 PD-1 have been shown acceptable therapeutic benefit preclinical models patients.This review will discuss important identified suppress immunity exploited as drug targets.