Constraining baryon loading efficiency of AGNs with diffuse neutrino flux from galaxy clusters

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2309.09244
• Publication Date: 2023-01-01
• Authors: Xin-Yue Shi; Ruo-Yu Liu; Chong Ge; Xiang‐Yu Wang
• Keywords: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); FOS: Physical sciences; Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

The active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are widely believed to be one of the promising acceleration sites ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (CRs). Essentially, AGNs powered by gravitational energy matter falling supermassive black holes. However, conversion efficiency kinetic CRs in AGNs, which is defined as baryon loading factor $\eta_p$, not well known yet. After being accelerated, high-energy could escape host galaxy and enter intra-cluster medium (ICM). These can confined within cluster produce $\gamma$-rays neutrinos through proton-proton collisions with ICM. In this paper, we study diffusion clusters calculate diffuse neutrino flux from population. Using latest upper limits on cumulative unresolved TeV-PeV posed IceCube Neutrino Observatory, derive limit average $\eta_{p,\mathrm{grav}} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{-3} - 0.1$ for population clusters. This constraint more stringent than obtained $\gamma$-ray observation Coma cluster.