Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Distribution of Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2405.20479
• Publication Date: 2024-08-01
• Authors: Guodong Li; Roberto J. Assef; Chao-Wei Tsai; Jingwen Wu; Peter R. M. Eisen...; Daniel Stern; Tanio Díaz-Santos; Andrew W. Blain; Hyunsung D. Jun; Román Fernández A...; Dejene Zewdie
• Keywords: QB460-466; Active galactic nuclei; Infrared galaxies; Galaxy evolution; Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); 0103 physical sciences; FOS: Physical sciences; Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies; 01 natural sciences

Abstract Hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are a rare population of hyperluminous infrared galaxies discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission. Despite the significant obscuration of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) by dust in these systems, pronounced broad and blueshifted emission lines are often observed. Previous work has shown that eight Hot DOGs, referred to as blue-excess Hot DOGs (BHDs), present a blue excess consistent with type 1 quasar emission in their UV–optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs), which has been shown to originate from the light of the obscured central engine scattered into the line of sight. We present an analysis of the rest-frame optical emission characteristics for 172 Hot DOGs through UV–mid-IR SED modeling and spectroscopic details, with a particular focus on the identification of BHDs. We find that while the optical emission observed in Hot DOGs is in most cases dominated by a young stellar population, 26% of Hot DOGs show a significant enough blue excess emission to be classified as BHDs. Based on their broad C iv and Mg ii lines, we find that the mass of the black hole M BH in a BHD ranges from 108.7 to 1010 M ⊙. When using the same emission lines in regular Hot DOGs, we find the M BH estimates cover the entire range found for BHDs while also extending to somewhat lower values. This agreement may imply that the broad lines in regular Hot DOGs also originate from scattered light from the central engine, just as in BHDs, although a more detailed study would be needed to rule out an outflow-driven nature. Similar to z ∼ 6 quasars, we find that Hot DOGs sit above the local relation between stellar and black hole masses, suggesting either that AGN feedback has not yet significantly suppressed the stellar mass growth in the host galaxies or that they will be outliers of the relation when reaching z = 0.