Cancer registries in environmental cancer epidemiology

• DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.270
• Publication Date: 2011-12-14T04:28:21Z
• Authors: Lyly Teppo
• Keywords: Environmental epidemiology

This report provides a review of the cadmium exposure situation in Sweden and updates information on health risk assessment according to recent studies effects cadmium. The focuses low doses identification high-risk groups. diet is main source Swedish nonsmoking general population. average daily dietary intake about 15 micrograms/day, but there are great individual variations due differences energy habits. It has been shown that high fiber rich shellfish increase substantially. Cadmium concentrations agricultural soil wheat have increased continuously during last century. At present, by 0.2% per year. accumulates kidneys. Human kidney several fold pig 2% year from 1984-1992. There no tendency towards decreasing among absorption lungs 10-50%, while gastrointestinal tract only few percent. Smokers 4-5 times higher blood (about 1.5 micrograms/l), twice as cortex 20-30 micrograms/g wet weight) nonsmokers. Similarly, substantially elevated persons with body iron stores, indicating absorption. About 10-40% women child-bearing age reported empty stores (S-ferritin < 12 micrograms/l). In general, blood, urine, than men. population groups at highest probably smokers, people habitually eating According current knowledge, renal tubular damage critical effect exposure, both occupationally exposed workers. Tubular may develop much lower levels previously estimated, this report. Data reports different countries indicate an urinary excretion 2.5 creatinine related excess prevalence 4%. An corresponds concentration 50 micrograms/g, which would be result long-term (decades) micrograms day. When for adverse accumulation being evaluated, it crucial consider variation sensitivity within Even if relatively population, certain proportion will values exceeding where can occur. estimated that, present Sweden, 1% smokers experience If 30 entire cadmium-induced damage. groups, example, percentage higher, up 5%. Both human animal skeletal (osteoporosis) exposure. We conclude, however, evidence not sufficient permit such conclusion humans. like stress, osteoporosis very important public problem worldwide, especially Scandinav