Harnessing plant–microorganism interactions for nano-bioremediation of heavy metals: Cutting-edge advances and mechanisms

• DOI: 10.5455/pt.2025.01
• Publication Date: 2025-01-30T19:15:08Z
• Authors: Kallol Das; Aniruddha Sarker; Md Masud; Shunping Ding; F Aminuzzaman

Nano-bioremediation, an emerging eco-friendly strategy that integrates nanotechnology and biological processes to mitigate the contamination of heavy metals from environment. To explores synergistic interactions between plants microorganisms, focusing on their potential role in enhancing nano-bioremediation are highly demandable. This study focuses several key mechanisms including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biomineralization, enzymatic reduction, coordination microorganisms tolerating transforming toxic into less forms. The microorganism-assisted nanomaterials, nano-biosorbents nano-catalysts phyto- eco-environments were updated. review also highlights recent studies significance plant-microbe systems nanomaterials metal remediation, challenges such as microbial survival, scalability, ecological impacts addressed, alongside solutions. Finally, this critical provides new insights harnessing plant–microorganism for nano-bioremediation, presenting approach address global pollution, it shows a sustainable way clean