Gestão de dunas costeiras: o uso de sistema de informações geográficas (SIG) na implantação de planos de gestão no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

• DOI: 10.5894/rgci445
• Publication Date: 2014-04-08T16:05:38Z
• Authors: Luana Portz; Gabriela Camboim ...; Ricardo Augusto L...; Rogério Portantio...; Nelson Luiz Samba...
• Keywords: banco de dados; geotecnologias; 1. No poverty; 15. Life on land; 01 natural sciences; coastal management; modelagem costeira; geospatial technology; 13. Climate action; gerenciamento costeiro; 11. Sustainability; coastal modelling; 14. Life underwater; database; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences

Foredunes are geomorphological features present in most of the sand beaches around world.Under Brazilian law, dunes considered Permanent Protection Areas and, for conservation these environments, it is necessary establishment plans, programs and measures by government to discipline their use management requirements.The development projects dune system should include an environmental diagnosis (natural characteristics human intervention degree), trend changes actions maintenance or recovery system.The aim this work evidence potential using a Geographic Information System (GIS) dunes, as well stress importance regional data integration within GIS, purpose obtaining better results support decision making plans integrated coastal zone management.Study cases two cities State Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil (Capão da Canoa Arroio Sal cities), shown.The GIS allows updates at several time scales also joint analysis multiple from different sources.These assist zones, environment with highly dynamic forms processes.For characterization, planning study areas, primary secondary were collected.Secondary consists bibliographic cartographic search, remote sensing data.Primary field observations, control points collected GPS, photographic records (beach access, watercourses, irregular occupation, beach uses, etc.), topographic vegetation identification.After collection, inserted layers project.Using geoprocessing tools was possible calculate measure foredune width delimit boundaries areas (using distance criteria), leading further information be obtained/added GIS.Distance criteria delimitation based law state agency (FEPAM).For city Capão Canoa, increases sea level caused storm surge modelled order identify susceptible degradation.Results showed that water courses cross preferential erosion zones events.An evaluation mapped elements allowed assignment vulnerability index each 500 meters segment.The higher index, greater fragility highest ones which efforts required (interventions/management).In studied indexes interventions sector.Both have extensive shoreline affected (caused effects, displacement planting exotic lack -with disordered natural system).A developed urban area city, where discontinuous segmented exists.Preserved sections occur mostly non-urban areas.In there preserved major problems affecting vegetation.With sector, proposals sectors performed, spatialization suggested actions/interventions implemented GIS.This visualization all maps, added project new layers.For integrity maintenance/recovery some sectors, pipe passing under frontal crest (for controlled passage watercourses), construction walkways crosswalk very intense (ordering access beach), removal vegetation, etc.The demonstrate possibility studies, showing good areas.As final product developed, generated provided file format spreadsheets PDF report.At municipal level, advantages ease storage availability data, facilitating modification case scenario alteration shoreline.The can promote facilitate exchange between institutions long term, allow into single database municipal, federal agencies.