The association between secondhand smoke exposure and risk of developing active tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic literature review.

• DOI: 10.7416/ai.2025.2685
• Publication Date: 2025-01-29
• Authors: Soraya Permata Su...; Fadilah Habibul H...; Md Abu Bakar Siddiq; Yuniko Ibnu Latif; Al Asyary
• Keywords: Secondhand Smoke; Active tuberculosis; Association (psychology)

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes death from infectious diseases in world, with approximately 25% global population having latent tuberculosis infection. Secondhand smoke exposure has been recognised as a significant risk factor development active individuals This study used Systematic Literature Review method based on PRISMA guidelines. Relevant articles published between 2014-2024 were identified through PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases using related keywords. A total 13 met inclusion criteria for analysis. significantly increases infection conversion to Tuberculosis, stronger effect vulnerable groups such children who are close contact patient live same household heavy smokers. secondhand follows dose-response pattern, where longer duration higher intensity directly increase likelihood activation The biological mechanisms involve immune suppression lung damage caused by toxic particles tobacco smoke, which weaken body's defenses against Mycobacterium facilitate progression Tuberculosis. Therefore, reducing important mitigate its impact progression. consistently shown developing To support elimination programme, concerted efforts needed reduce especially