Simulation analysis of hydrogen atomic clock double state-selection beam optical system

• DOI: 10.7498/aps.72.20221363
• Publication Date: 2022-10-09T09:36:10Z
• Authors: Yue Liang; Yong-Hui Xie; Peng-Fei Chen; Tao Shuai; Yu-Xian Pei; Hao-Tian Xu; Yang Zhao; Tian Xia; Xiao-Yan Pan; Peng-Jun Zhang; Chuan-Fu Lin

Hydrogen maser uses the transition frequency of hydrogen atom at hyperfine energy level ground state to realize precise timing. It has excellent stability, especially in medium- and short-term, low drift. been used as high-precision standard engineering fields such time keeping, navigation, very long baseline interferometry. Clock is between states <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20221227162344">\begin{document}$|F = 1, m_{\rm F} 0\rangle $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162344.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162344.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> id="Z-20221227162352">\begin{document}$|F 0, xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162352.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162352.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. State selection realized by magnet, through which high atoms are converged dispersed. In conventional magnet state-selecting system, both id="Z-20221227162429">\begin{document}$|F xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162429.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162429.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> states, required for transition, useless id="Z-20221227162419">\begin{document}$|F 1\rangle xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162419.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162419.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> focused into storage bulb, places restrictions on long-term stability performance maser. order further improve quality atomic spectral lines maser, double state-selection beam optical system based Majorana mode constructed calculations simulations. this work, we use method invert states. The magnetic field established using two coils with reverse current. separated 71 mm, coil axes aligned direction beam. other pairs transverse Helmholtz 22 mm center reversal adjust zero point field, should coincide ensure a complete polarity. region surrounded four shields reduce influence stray fields. Relationship selected-state gradient distance poles analyzed simulation, trajectories under different calculated. utilization purity entering bulb obtained. selected id="Z-20221227162405">\begin{document}$|F xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162405.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162405.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> reaches 99% rate 58%. This ideal applications. effectively enhances proportion id="Z-20221227162411">\begin{document}$|F xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162411.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1-20221363_Z-20221227162411.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> ensures atoms. We verify experimentally. By turning signal can be enhanced. adjusting current varies current, verifies effectiveness system.