Observation and research on cosmic ray muons and solar modulation effect based on plastic scintillator detector

• DOI: 10.7498/aps.74.20241704
• Publication Date: 2025-01-08T05:24:49Z
• Authors: Dexin WANG; Rui ZHANG; Dekang YU; Hui NA; Zhanghao YAO; Linghe WU; Suyalatu ZHANG; Tairan LIANG; Meirong HUANG; Zhilong WANG; Yu BAI; Yongshun HUANG; Xue YANG; Jiawen ZHANG; Mengdi LIU; Qiang MA; Jing YU; Xiuyan JI; Yiliqi YU; Xuepeng SHAO
• Keywords: Modulation (music); Solar flare

Cosmic rays, originating from celestial phenomena such as stars, supernovae, and other astrophysical sources, are composed of high-energy particles that enter Earth’ s atmosphere. Upon interaction with atmospheric nuclei, these primary cosmic rays generate an array secondary particles, muons constituting the dominant component at ground level. Muons, due to their relative abundance, stability, well-characterized energy loss mechanisms, serve critical probes for investigating fundamental properties rays. Studies muon distribution, diurnal anisotropy, modulation by solar activity provide essential insights into mechanisms particle acceleration in ray sources influence effects.<br>This study aims characterize counting spectrum anisotropic using a plastic scintillator detector system. The experiment was conducted over three-month period, December 2023 February 2024, leveraging long-bar detectors equipped dual-end photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) high-resolution digital data acquisition A coincidence measurement technique implemented enhance signal-to-noise ratio suppressing thermal noise background interferences. Comprehensive calibration detection system performed standard gamma-ray including <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>60</sup>Co, <sup>40</sup>K, ensuring precise scaling reliable performance.<br>The observed showed excellent agreement theoretical predictions, accounting losses incurred traverse detector. Diurnal variations count rates revealed pronounced pattern, systematic reduction between 8:00 AM 1:00 PM. This phenomenon is attributed shielding effects, wherein enhanced during daytime hours modulates flux galactic reaching surface. To account influences, meteorological corrections were applied temperature pressure adjustment functions derived regression analysis. These significant factors influencing rates, clear linear relationships observed.<br>The further corroborated findings through cross-comparisons Yangbajing Ray Observatory. Minor discrepancies, primarily low-energy sensitivities local conditions. observations underscore robustness capturing detailed spectra patterns.<br>In conclusion, this research establishes experimental framework analyzing phenomena. results contribute deeper understanding anisotropy interplay geophysical processes. Furthermore, valuable optimizing technologies enhancing accuracy studies.