Diclofenac toxicity in susceptible bird species results from a combination of reduced glomerular filtration and plasma flow with subsequent renal tubular necrosis

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12002
• Publication Date: 2021-08-23T08:31:36Z
• Authors: Bono Nethathe; John Chipangura; Ibrahim Zubairu H...; Neil Duncan; Emmanuel Oluwaseg...; Lauren Havenga; Vinny Naidoo
• Keywords: Diclofenac; Hippuric acid

Diclofenac caused the death of millions vultures on Asian subcontinent. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have since also been shown to be toxic with exception meloxicam. For this study, we evaluated effect diclofenac renal uric acid transport and glomerulus filtration in an acute toxicity model. In a two-phase study same birds, healthy chickens (a validated model species) were treated intravenously para-amino hippuric (PAH) iohexol (IOH) combination phase 1. 2, PAH IOH was then combined (10 mg/kg). both phases, blood faeces sequentially collected. 1, birds showed no signs ill health. Moreover, PAH, clearance rapid. two early hyperuricemia 8 hours after exposure died approximately 24h later. Necropsy classic damage gout. had rapid plasma half-life elimination less than 2 indicating that likely due irreversible destruction physiological process. All decreased acid, comparison The decrease variable between (average 71%) but near 98% reduced died. It is concluded alters perfusion flow, associated tubular secretion being negligible functionality for prolonged period. This would support previous vitro findings cell from ROS accumulation. However, further evaluation needed elucidate final step.