Sex differences in peripheral monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in chronic stress mice with a depression-like phenotype

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14014
• Publication Date: 2022-09-16T08:17:26Z
• Authors: Yitian Chen; Weijia Cai; Canye Li; Zuanjun Su; Zhijun Guo; Zhuman Li; Chen Wang; Feng Xu
• Keywords: Male; Serotonin; QH301-705.5; Depressive-like phenotype; Oxytocin; Mice; Norepinephrine; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Animals; Sex hormone; Biology (General); 10. No inequality; Monoamine transmitter; Stress hormone; Sex Characteristics; Animal Behavior; Depression; R; Estrogens; Sex difference; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Androgens; Medicine; Chronic stress; Female; Corticosterone

Backgrounds Chronic stress could induce depression-like phenotype in animal models. Previous data showed that sex differences exist after chronic stress model establishment, however, the detailed information about the difference of blood biochemical indexes is not clear. In this study, we aim to supply comparison of monoamine transmitters and related hormone markers in serum between male and female depressed mice, and in order to better understand the sex difference in transmitters and hormone levels in depression occurrence and development.

Methods Sixty C57BL/6 mice (both male and female) were divided into two groups by gender. Same gender mice were then divided randomly into the non-treated control group and chronic stress group which was exposed to 8 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Depression-like behavior was assessed with open-field test and sucrose preference test. Blood sample was collected and monoamine transmitter and related hormone in serum were measured by ELISA.

Results The depression-like phenotype mice model was established successfully after 8 weeks of chronic stress. The locomotion activity scores in male stressed mice declined more than that in female stressed mice, while the exploratory behavior scores in female stressed mice declined more than that in male stressed mice. Compared to non-treated control group mice, mice in the chronic stress group in response to stress showed greater declines in monoamine transmitters (5-HT, dopamine, norepinephrine) and sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, oxytocin and prolactin), while stress hormones (adrenaline, corticosterone and ACTH) were significantly increased. The decrease of norepinephrine, androgen and estrogen in female stressed mice was greater than in male stressed mice, whereas the 5-HT and oxytocin in male stressed mice decreased more than in female stressed mice, and the corticosterone in male stressed mice increased more than in female stressed mice.

Conclusion Sex differences of monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in serum occurred in chronic stress induced depression-like phenotype mice model. It may provide a useful reference to guide precise antidepressant treatment in different gender population in clinical care.