The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity fluconazole against 32 clinical strains fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans , and C. ATCC 10231 reference strain, after their exposure sublethal concentrations tea tree oil (TTO) or its main bioactive component terpinen-4-ol. For all tested TTO terpinen-4-ol minimal inhibitory (MICs) were low, ranging from 0.06% 0.5%. 24-hour with dose enhanced these strains. Overall, 62.5% isolates classified as susceptible, 25.0% exhibited intermediate...

Abstract This study investigates the developmental processes of pancreas in two squamate species: sand lizard ( Lacerta agilis , Laterata) and brown anole Anolis sagrei Iguania). Utilizing histological serial sections, we generated 3D reconstructions its associated structures. Through a comparative analysis, identified shared events, including emergence specific structures initiation distinct processes, to elucidate patterns pancreatic differentiation morphology. The originates from three...

Abstract The egg tooth of squamates is a true that allows them to break, tear, or cut the eggshell during hatching. In this clade there are some uncertainties concerning implantation geometry, number germs, and their fates embryonic development. Here, we used X-ray microtomography light microscopy, focusing on remaining premaxillary teeth sand lizard (Lacerta agilis, Squamata: Unidentata). developing species passes through all classic stages We did not find any evidence large size related...

Abstract This study investigated the pancreas differentiation of two species gekkotan families—the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Gekkonidae) and leopard Eublepharis macularius (Eublepharidae)—based on two‐dimensional (2D) histological samples three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions position pancreatic buds surrounding organs. The results showed that at moment egg laying, L. is composed three distinct primordia: one dorsal ventral. primordium differentiates earlier than either...

Abstract Differentiation of the pancreatic islets in grass snake Natrix natrix embryos, was analyzed using light, transmission electron microscopy, and immuno‐gold labeling. The study focuses on origin islets, mode islet formation, cell arrangement within islets. Two waves formation embryos were described. first wave begins just after egg laying when precursors endocrine cells located large agglomerates dorsal bud differentiate. divided by mesenchymal thus forming This is described as...

We analyzed the development of pancreatic ducts in grass snake Natrix natrix L. embryos with special focus on three-dimensional (3D)-structure duct network, ultrastructural differentiation attention to cell types and lumen formation. Our results indicated that system embryonic pancreas can be divided into extralobular, intralobular, intercalated ducts, similarly as other vertebrate species. However, pattern branching was different from vertebrates, which related specific topography snake's...

Abstract This study report about the differentiation of pancreatic acinar tissue in grass snake, Natrix natrix , embryos using light microscopy, transmission electron and immuno‐gold labeling. Differentiation cells embryonic pancreas snake is similar to that other amniotes. Pancreatic acini occurred for first time at Stage VIII, which midpoint development. Two pattern cell were observed. The involved formation zymogen granules followed by migration from ducts. In second, one granule was...

During the early developmental stages of grass snakes, within differentiating pancreas, cords endocrine cells are formed. They differentiate into agglomerates large islets flanked throughout subsequent by small groups forming islets. The located cephalic part dorsal pancreas. At end embryonic period, pancreatic islet branch off, and as a result their remodeling, surround splenic “bulb”. stage ring formation is first step in intrasplenic characteristics for adult specimens snake. arrangement...

Abstract We used transmission electron microscopy to study the pancreatic main endocrine cell types in embryos of grass snake Natrix natrix L. with focus on morphology their secretory granules. The embryonic part pancreas contains four cells (A, B, D, and PP), which is similar other vertebrates. B granules contained a moderately electron‐dense crystalline‐like core that was polygonal shape an outer zone. A had spherical eccentrically located D were filled non‐homogeneous content. PP...