The development of a contrast agent for laser optoacoustic imaging system (LOIS) can significantly widen preclinical and clinical applications this modality early detection cancerous tumors. Gold nanorods were engineered to enhance the imaging. Under in vivo conditions, 25 μL gold solution at concentration 1.25 pM injected into nude mice detected using single-channel acoustic transducer. LOIS was used visualize distribution nanoparticles 125 when 100 delivered subcutaneously. Our results...

: Extracellular vesicles contain biological molecules specified by cell-type of origin and modified microenvironmental changes. To conduct reproducible studies on exosome content function, storage conditions need to have minimal impact airway integrity.

OBJECTIVE—To study the feasibility of noninvasive blood glucose monitoring using optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique in healthy volunteers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An OCT system with wavelength 1,300 nm was used 15 subjects 18 clinical experiments. Standard oral tolerance tests were performed to induce changes concentration. Blood samples taken from right arm vein every 5 or min. images 10–20 s left forearm over a total period 3 h. The slope signals calculated at depth 200–600...

The mathematical basis of improved calibration through selection informative variables for partial least-squares has been identified. A theoretical investigation slopes indicates that including uninformative wavelengths negatively affect calibrations by producing both large relative bias toward zero and small additive away from the origin. These results are found regardless noise distribution in data. Studies performed to confirm this result using a previously used method compared new...

Tissue optical properties are necessary parameters for prescribing light dosimetry in photomedicine. In many diagnostic or therapeutic applications where fiber probes used, pressure is often applied to the tissue reduce index mismatch and increase transmittance. this paper, we have measured vitro as a function of with visible-IR spectrophotometer. A spectral range 400-1800 mm resolution 5 nm was used all measurements. Skin specimens Hispanic donor two Caucasian donors were obtained from...

A novel technique is described to functionalize gold nanorods (GNRs) allowing for in vivo targeting of breast cancer tumors grown athymic nude mice. GNRs were functionalized by covalent attachment Herceptin (HER), a monoclonal antibody that enables molecular recognition cells expressing highly specific tumor associated antigens, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) which obscures particles against the reticuloendothelial system body. The stability functionality fabricated (Her-PEG GNRs)...

Replacement of invasive monitoring cerebral venous oxygenation with noninvasive techniques offers great promise in the management life-threatening neurologic illnesses including traumatic brain injury. We developed and built an optoacoustic system to noninvasively monitor oxygenation; includes a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser specially designed probe. tested vitro sheep blood experimentally varied oxygenation. Our results demonstrated that (1) amplitude temporal profile waves increase range from...

We have proposed a tested in tissue phantoms and vivo novel sensor based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for noninvasive continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration. OCT images were obtained from pig rabbit skin before after administration. Slopes signals decreased substantially (∼40% tissues vivo) linearly with the increase concentration 4 to 30 mM, typical normal diabetic subjects. Phantom studies demonstrated 1% accuracy scattering-coefficient measurement. Our theoretical...

This study investigates the potential use of circulating extracellular vesicles' (EVs) DNA and protein content as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a mouse model. Despite an overall decrease EVs count during acute phase, there was increased presence exosomes (CD63

Nanostructured thin films fabricated from semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) are of great interest for biomedical applications, but NP materials based on heavy metals can be cytotoxic. In this work, the preparation NPs followed protocol layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, which alleviates problem. Collagen/poly(acrylic acid) bilayers were added to CdTe/polycation LBL produce porous collagen bilayers. Such stratified multilayer systems showed successful cell attachment and survival while native strongly

One concern during laser ablation of tissue is the mechanical injury that may be induced in vicinity site. This primarily due to rapid bubble expansion and collapse or laser-induced pressure waves. In this study, effect pulse duration on thermodynamics formation accompanying acoustic wave generation has been investigated.Q-switched holmium:YAG pulses (pulse 500 ns, energy 14 mJ) free-running 100-1,100 microseconds, 200 were delivered water phantoms via a 200- 400-microns fiber, respectively....

The remarkable optical and electrical properties of nanostructured materials are considered now as a source for variety biomaterials, biosensing, cell interface applications. In this study, we report the first example hybrid bionanodevice where absorption light by thin films quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles HgTe produced layer-by-layer assembly stimulate adherent neural cells via sequence photochemical charge-transfer reactions. We also demonstrate an nanoscale engineering...

The first example of neural stimulation through a SWNT material assembled by layer-by-layer deposition is described (see figure). Excitation lateral currents in the nanotube coating results opening voltage-dependent Na+ ion channels. experimental observations indicate possibility engineering implantable biomedical devices from SWNT/polymer multilayers to be used for neuron prosthesis, pain management, and muscle stimulation.

Noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients would significantly reduce complications and mortality associated with this disease. In paper, we experimentally theoretically studied specificity noninvasive the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique. OCT images signals were obtained from skin Yucatan micropigs New Zealand rabbits. Obtained results demonstrate that: (1) several body osmolytes may change refractive index mismatch between interstitial fluid...

Successful engineering of functional tissues requires the development three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that can provide an optimum microenvironment for tissue growth and regeneration. A new class 3D with a high degree organization unique topography is fabricated from polyacrylamide hydrogel. The hydrogel matrix molded by inverted colloidal crystals made 104 μm poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres. scaffold be described as hexagonally packed 97 spherical cavities interconnected network channels....

Vaginal microbicides may play an important role in protecting women from HIV infection. A strong synergy between HSV and has been observed, epidemiological studies demonstrate that infection increases the risk of acquisition. Incorporation antiretroviral tenofovir (TFV) along with antiherpetic acyclovir (ACV) into combination intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustained mucosal delivery both compounds could lead to increased microbicide product adherence efficacy compared conventional vaginal...

Airway remodeling is resultant of a complex multicellular response associated with progressive decline pulmonary function in patients chronic airway disease. Here, repeated infections respiratory viruses are linked through largely unknown mechanisms. Although acute activation the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 pathway by extracellular polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) induces innate signaling NF-κB transcription factor normal human small epithelial cells, prolonged (repetitive or...

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and aberrant activation of microglia in the retina are commonly observed ocular pathologies. In glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration, chronic affects retinal ganglion cells photoreceptors, respectively, contributing to gradual vision loss. However, molecular mechanisms that cause not fully understood. Here we show exposure pigment epithelial (RPE) low-level oxidative stress induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-specific damage, subsequent translocation...

Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, its risk increases with aging. Yet comprehensive insights into complex mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we found that anti-aging molecule Sirt6 was highly expressed in RGCs. Deleting globally or specifically RGCs led to RGC loss optic nerve during aging, despite normal intraocular pressure (IOP), resembling a phenotype normal-tension glaucoma. These detrimental effects were...

A numerical model for thermal damage to human arterial tissue is presented, based on protein denaturation kinetics. The involves determination of coefficients rate processes & delta E, which are type-dependent (arterial in this study), and definition threshold damage. feedback-controlled constant surface temperature device was used induce 80 coagulative lesions ranging from 66 degrees C 76 duration 15 1,500 seconds. measured were determined be = 5.6 x 10(63) s-1 E 430 KJ mole-1. These values...

Accurate and noninvasive measurement of tissue optical properties can be used for biomedical diagnostics monitoring analytes. Noninvasive (total attenuation scattering coefficients, thickness, etc.) performed with the coherence tomography (OCT) technique. However, speckle noise substantially deteriorates accuracy measurements this We studied suppression accurate backscattering signal coefficient OCT Our results demonstrate that precision signals technique 0.2% homogeneously media 0.7% skin,...

Raman spectroscopy is a highly specific technique for the identification of molecules by way associated characteristic spectra. The aim this feasibility study to assess combination multivariate calibration partial least-squares with estimation glucose, lactic acid, and urea concentrations in presence each other water substrate. instrument CCD-based spectrometer utilizing 514.5 nm argon laser line. estimates analyte yielded standard deviation concentration residuals 20.71 mg/dL 12.92 19.97 urea.