The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, is a veterinary- and medically- significant tick species that known to transmit several diseases animal human hosts. spatial distribution of this in North America not well understood, however; knowledge likely changes its future geographic owing ongoing climate change needed for proper public health planning messaging. Two recent studies have evaluated these topics D. variabilis; however, less-rigorous modeling approaches those may led erroneous...

Ticks are important ectoparasites and vectors of numerous human animal pathogens. secrete saliva that contains various bioactive materials to evade the host defense system, often facilitates pathogen transmission. In addition, Lone star tick is thought be sensitizer in red meat allergy characterized by an allergic reaction glycan moieties carrying terminal galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (aGal). To assess N-glycome Amblyomma americanum, we examined N-glycan structures male female salivary...

Bacterial genomic mutations in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have been detected isolated resistant clinical strains, yet their mechanistic effect on the development of antimicrobial resistance remains unclear. The resistance-associated regulatory systems acquire adaptive under stress conditions that may lead to a gain function and contribute phenotype. Here, we investigate single-point mutation (T331I) VraS histidine kinase, part VraSR two-component system S. aureus. senses responds...

ABSTRACT The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as the role different rifampin and isoniazid exposures developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible Mycobacterium ( Mtb ) treated exposure identified in a clinical trial leading to failure acquired drug resistance. Systems sampled for concentration measurements, estimation total drug-resistant , small molecule overlapping reads...

ABSTRACT Bacterial genomic mutations in Staphylococcus aureus have been detected isolated resistant clinical strains, yet their mechanistic effect on the development of antimicrobial resistance remains unclear. Resistance-associated regulatory systems acquire adaptive under stress conditions that may lead to a gain-of-function and contribute phenotype. Here, we investigate single-point mutation (T331I) VraS histidine kinase, part VraSR two-component system S. . senses responds environmental...

ABSTRACT Patients with cystic fibrosis have dysfunctional transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and this predisposes them to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) , infection. We found that one of the CFTR modulators, ivacaftor, kills MAB in a concentration-dependent manner, killing efficacy comparable amikacin imipenem, drugs guideline-based regimens. Using clinical isolates MAB, 1/4× MIC concentration combined ivacaftor killed 2.67 log 10 CFU/mL MAB.

Unexpected questing activity of ticks was noted during the winter months January and February in Central Midwestern states Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas. From nine geographically distinct locations, four species were collected using flagging method, which lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum , most abundant, followed by American dog Dermacentor variabilis Gulf coast maculatum Black legged Ixodes scapularis . More A nymphs caught than male or female adults. The these medically...

Recent studies have provided strong evidence indicating that lone star tick bites are a cause of AGS (alpha-gal syndrome, also known as red meat allergy RMA) in humans. is characterized by an increase IgE antibody production against galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (aGal), which common glycan found mammalian tissue, except Old World monkeys and The main causative factor AGS, the (Amblyomma americanum), broadly distributed throughout east midwest United States vector wide range human animal...

Rifamycins are integral part of the combination regimen for treatment pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-complex [MAC] infection, but different practitioners prefer rifamycins. The objective study was to compare microbial kill and resistance emergence rifamycins using principles pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. First, we identified rifamycin MICs in 20 MAC isolates from patients followed by concentration-response studies test-tubes. Next, examined efficacy suppression three doses each hollow...

The 12-month therapy duration for the treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease calls more efficacious drugs better outcomes and to shorten duration. We performed (i) omadacycline MIC with M. ATCC 12478 strain 21 clinical isolates, (ii) dose-response study in hollow fiber system model (HFS-Mkn) six human equivalent daily doses determine optimal drug exposure maximal kill, (iii) a second HFS-Mkn efficacy (300 mg/day) plus moxifloxacin (600 tedizolid (200 combination regimen...

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the order, Rickettsiales and a frequent cause of severe fatal tick-borne infection in people North America. The reservoir host for E. white-tailed deer, while humans dogs are regarded as common incidental hosts. In dogs, we others have shown that establishes chronic persists several weeks months, promoting development Th1 Th17 cellular responses pathogen-specific humoral immunity. We demonstrate here vaccination with...

Between March 2014 and February 2017, host-seeking ticks were collected during the late spring summer months seasonally, as well continually through all seasons from several sites in a periurban environment Pittsburg, Kansas, located Central Midwestern United States. All three post-emergent life-stages of Amblyomma americanum , adults other viz. Dermacentor variabilis A . maculatum Ixodes scapularis using flagging method, taxonomically identified morphological molecular methods. total 15946...

ABSTRACT Seventy-five years ago, first-generation tetracyclines demonstrated limited efficacy in the treatment of tuberculosis but were more toxic than efficacious. We performed a series pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) experiments with potentially safer third-generation tetracycline, omadacycline, for multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB). Mycobacterium ( Mtb ) H37Rv and an MDR-TB clinical strain (16D) used minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) static concentration-response studies test...

Diversity and phenology of host-seeking ticks were studied in the Flint Hills region USA, which is a prominent for raising beef cattle. Between two-year period from 2015–2017, collected using dragging method 9 distant locations, 6 seasonally 3 continuously throughout study period. Of 10,055 collected, 76.5% Lonestar tick (Amblyomma americanum), 14% American dog (Dermacentor variabilis), 9.1% Gulf Coast (A. maculatum). The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis also found, albeit low numbers....

There is limited high-quality evidence to guide the optimal treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 33 patients with M. disease determine time-to-sputum culture conversion (SCC) upon a standard combination regimen consist isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol. Next, MIC experiments 20 isolates were performed, followed by dose-response study laboratory strain using hollow-fiber system model infection (HFS-

Only 35.6%-50.8% of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease achieve sustained sputum culture conversion (SSCC) on treatment the azithromycin-ethambutol-rifabutin standard care (SOC). We tested efficacy ceftriaxone, a β-lactam lung-to-serum penetration ratio 12.18-fold.

Abstract Background Poor sustained sputum culture conversion rates with the standard-of-care therapy highlight need for better drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). Objective To determine pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD)-optimized exposure of sarecycline and its potential role in treating MAC-PD. Methods We performed MIC studies MAC ATCC 700898 19 clinical isolates test-tube static concentration–response studies. A dynamic hollow-fibre system model...

Guideline-based therapy (GBT) for Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) lung disease achieves sputum culture conversion rates (SCC) of 35%. This poor GBT efficacy is mirrored in the hollow fiber system model Mab (HFS-Mab). While imipenem part GBT, biological effect with or without β-lactamase inhibitors, unproven.