This study investigates the classification of pigment-manufacturing processes using deep learning to identify optimal model for cultural property preservation science. Four convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (i.e., AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and VGG) one vision transformer (ViT) were compared on micrograph datasets various pigments. Classification performance indicators, receiver-operating characteristic curves, precision–recall interpretability served as primary evaluation measures. The...

Abstract Scientific analysis of excavated pottery reveals critical archaeological insights, yet data on Han Dynasty remains limited. This study focuses artifacts from the Daqu burial site in Beijing, renowned for their polychrome decorations and size. Utilizing optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Fluorescence (XRF), this examined five substrate samples sourced fragments towers ellipse-shaped dishes. All exhibited similar...

Abstract In 2013, several tombs were discovered and excavated in Southeastern Beijing, China, yielding various burial products. Among these pottery towers, a representative artifact of the Han Dynasty rarely found area. Many studies on architectural aspects, such as construction type situation, have been conducted based but only few examined their raw materials or pigments. this study, black, white, red pigments identified carbon calcite, cinnabar, respectively, through multi-analysis...

문화재 복원을 비롯한 회화용으로 많이 사용되는 녹색 안료 중 천연 무기안료인 석록과 뇌록의 물리적 특성규명을 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 석록은 Malachite가 주 구성광물이고, 뇌록은 Celadonite가 구성광물이다. K社의 A등급 석록, B등급 소성석록의 특성을 평가하였으며, 이와 비교하기 위하여J社의 송엽녹청, 소녹청을 평가하였다. 뇌록을 석록 및 송엽녹청의 소성 여부는 색도를 제외한 다른 특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단되며, 소성석록과의 색차가 J社의 송엽녹청과소녹청의 색차보다 훨씬 높았다. K社는 녹색도 +a*가 J社보다 가로로 넓게 분포하여 녹색의 다양한 색표현이 가능하다. 색도, 비중, 흡유량 등의 특성이 석록과는 많은 차이를 보였다. 색도는 a*가 0에 가까이 분포하여석록에 비하여 무채색에 더 가까웠고, 비중은 석록에 비해 작고, 흡유량은 2배 정도 컸다. 또한 뇌록과 암녹은 비록 구성물질에 차이가 있어도 비슷하여 대체하여 사용 가능 할...

Bast fiber from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) has long been utilized for handmade paper in Asia, serving as a prominent non-wood cellulose material. When restoring cultural assets, selecting similar to the original ensures longevity and prevents deterioration issues like warping or tearing. The production of involves several processes, including refining, steaming, bleaching raw materials. Once formed into sheets, physical properties are dictated by these materials remain...

본 연구는 닥나무의 삼단면 관찰을 통하여 공통된 해부학적 특성을 가지는지 확인하고 닥나무 인피섬유의 섬유장․ 폭, 내강폭과 같은 형태학적 특징과 화학적 특징을 통해 펄프, 제지공정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 분석하였다. 닥나무는 환공재, 반환공재이며 대도관이 고립관공으로 방사상배열이다. 접선단면 방사조직은 1~3열이고 나선비후가 관찰되어져 공통적으로 동일한 특성이 나타났다. 특징으로는 섬유장 6.58~9.01 mm, 섬유폭 15.85~27.80 μm, 내강폭 4.50~12.54 μm로 중요한 특성으로 여겨지는 runkel ratio, slenderness ratio 등을 고려했을 때 강원도 D시료가 가장 적합하였다. 경상도 C시료가 낮은 추출물 함량과 높은 셀룰로오스 함량을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 섬유의 형태학, 특성은 한지 제조 후 품질을 결정하는 주요 인자의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다. 중심어: 한지, 닥나무, 특성, 특성

This study were conducted the particle-size analysis on 57 blue pigments to understand step distribution characteristics of made out Azurite by using Malvern's Mastersizer 2000.As result, most conventional in Korea, Japan, and Chinese showed good granularity separation except for few, smaller particle, more Span value increased wider range.On basis Friedman Sanders's Grain size, sand size silt size.72.2% B-100 was clay 2.5% A-14 gravel size.Even same components can differ grain directly...

Abstract This study applied various scientific analyses to one fragment of paper and three pigments excavated from earthenware found in the Hoeamsa Temple site at Yangju, Korea, which is believed have been built early twelfth century. Radiocarbon dating suggests a manufacture date between 1460 1646 (at 95% confidence interval). It was estimated used during middle period Joseon dynasty (1391–1776), when rebuilt. In addition, by staining fiber with Graff “C” stain, paper’s raw material...

This study aims to investigate the applicability of supercritical fluid extraction as a dewaxing technique restore beeswax-treated volume Annals Joseon Dynasty in various deterioration and damage conditions. Thus, this analyzed efficiency changes physical morphological properties before after dewaxing, by applying optimal condition (<TEX>$70^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 40 MPa, <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>, Co-solvent 20% DCM, 2 hour) 3 kinds paper with different rates (dry artificial aging 10, 20 30 days at...

본 연구는 한지에 관해 학계의 연구 동향을 연구의 ëª©ì , 내용, 결과를 í† ëŒ€ë¡œ ë¶„ì„í•˜ê³ í–¥í›„ 방향성 ì œì‹œë¥¼ ìœ¼ë¡œ 한다. 이를 위해 1965ë „ë¶€í„° 2016ë „ê¹Œì§€ 51ë „ê°„ì˜ 12개 학회지를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 핵심어 167 단어로 ì—°êµ¬ë ¼ë¬¸ì„ ìˆ˜ì§‘í•˜ì˜€ê³ ì´ 178편의 ì„ •í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤. ¼ë¬¸ì— 대하여 연도별, 연구내용별, 학문분야별로 구분하여 통계분석을 ìˆ˜í–‰í•˜ê³ ìˆ˜ì¹˜í™”í•˜ì—¬ íŒŒì• í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤....

Paper-mulberry is the main raw material used to manufacture traditional Korean paper. About 20 workshops across Korea inherited method of However, common name for paper-mulberry tree varies based on region. Although an attempt at classification occurred using dendrologic method, erroneous identification by researchers due a variation in leaves was reported, and it not possible identify flowers or fruits. The precise scientific given via molecular phylogenetic analysis through gene sequencing...

This study aims to carry out the final evaluation on deterioration stability of dewaxing and strengthening treatments devised conserve restore beeswax-treated volumes Annals Joseon Dynasty. Thus, this artificially deteriorated dewaxed Hanji, strengthened Hanji with optimized processing conditions applied, comparatively analyzed characteristics each kind Hanji. As a result study, it turned that there was loss physical strength value <TEX>$L^*$</TEX> increased values <TEX>$a^*$</TEX>...