A5020344819- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Dietetics, Nutrition, and Education
- RNA modifications and cancer
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Health Sciences Research and Education
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Cancer Risks and Factors
- Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Esophageal and GI Pathology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2010-2025
Vanderbilt University
2013-2023
University of Zambia
2020-2023
Vanderbilt Health
2014-2023
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia
2010-2020
University Teaching Hospital
2020
Office of Extramural Research
2019
University of Alabama at Birmingham
2003-2013
Great Lakes Environmental Center
2013
Office of Infectious Diseases
2010
increasing number of Americans, 1 poses a therapeutic challenge to the clinician.Conventional nonpharmacological interventions based on diet and exercise have limited long-term success in producing sustained weight loss. 2,3Obesity induces multiple metabolic abnormalities that contribute pathogenesis diabetes mellitus cardiovascular disease 4,5 is associated with increased morbidity mortality risk. 6,7A need therefore exists for new effective tools.A potentially promising approach induction...
<h3>Importance</h3> The effect of an early resuscitation protocol on sepsis outcomes in developing countries remains unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether with administration intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and blood transfusion decreases mortality among Zambian adults hypotension compared usual care. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Randomized clinical trial 212 (suspected infection plus ≥2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria) (systolic pressure ≤90 mm Hg or...
This provocative commentary critically examines historic definitions for adult malnutrition syndromes as they apply to developed countries with modern healthcare. To stimulate further discussion, the authors propose an updated approach that incorporates current understanding of systemic inflammatory response help guide assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. An appreciation a continuum in relation is described. discussion serves highlight research agenda address deficiencies diagnostics,...
Objective: To assess the efficacy of a simple, goal-directed sepsis treatment protocol for reducing mortality in patients with severe Zambia. Design: Single-center nonblinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Emergency department, ICU, and medical wards national referral hospital Lusaka, Patients: One hundred twelve enrolled within 24 hours admission sepsis, defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome suspected infection organ dysfunction Interventions: Simplified Severe Sepsis...
To test whether changes in folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>nutrition modify the severity of potentially premalignant lesions identified by cytology sputum samples smokers, we conducted a randomized, controlled prospective intervention trial smokers with bronchial squamous metaplasia. Seventy-three men history 20 or more pack-years cigarette smoking who had metaplasia on one were stratified according to level randomly assigned four months' treatment either placebo 10 mg plus 500 μg...
To test whether changes in folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>nutrition modify the severity of potentially premalignant lesions identified by cytology sputum samples smokers, we conducted a randomized, controlled prospective intervention trial smokers with bronchial squamous metaplasia. Seventy-three men history 20 or more pack-years cigarette smoking who had metaplasia on one were stratified according to level randomly assigned four months' treatment either placebo 10 mg plus 500 μg...
Background There exist significant challenges to the receipt of comprehensive oncologic treatment for children diagnosed with cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. To better define those challenges, we investigated outcomes and risk factors abandonment a cohort at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), site only pediatric oncology ward Zambia. Methods Using an established database, retrospective study was conducted aged 0–15 years admitted between July 2008 June 2010 suspected cancer. Diagnosis, mode...
Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing an epidemiological transition as the burden of NCDs overtake communicable diseases. However, it unknown what capacity and gaps exist at primary care level to address growing NCDs. This study aimed assess Zambian health system's in NCDs, using adapted WHO Essential Non Communicable Disease Interventions (WHO PEN) tool. Methodology was a cross-sectional facility survey three districts conducted from September 2017 October 2017. We defined...
Several micronutrients have been implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. However, their mode of action is still a matter speculation. In particular, it unclear whether certain nutrients reduce the probability acquiring high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) or they facilitate clearance HPV. We conducted 24-month prospective follow-up study to test hypothesis that systemic concentrations folate are associated with occurrence and duration HPV infections after controlling for other (vitamins...
A growing body of evidence highlights the importance competent mentoring in academic research. We describe development, implementation, and evaluation four regional 2-day intensive workshops to train mid- senior-level investigators conducting public health, clinical, basic science research across multiple institutions low- middle-income countries (LMICs) on tools techniques effective mentoring. Sponsored by Fogarty International Center, included didactic presentations, interactive...
Malnourished HIV-infected African adults are at high risk of early mortality after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that short-course, high-dose vitamin and mineral supplementation in lipid nutritional supplements would decrease mortality. The study was an individually-randomised phase III trial conducted ART clinics Mwanza, Tanzania, Lusaka, Zambia. Participants were 1,815 ART-naïve non-pregnant with body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 who referred for based on CD4 count...
Background The burden of diabetes is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, including among people living with HIV. We assessed the prevalence and roles HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) traditional risk factors adults Tanzania. Methods analysed diabetes-relevant baseline data from 1,947 adult participants CICADA study Mwanza, Tanzania: 655 HIV-uninfected, 956 HIV-infected ART-naïve, 336 persons on ART. WHO guidelines for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used to...
Abstract Objective: Observational study designed to determine weight outcomes and associated dietary intake patterns for a sample of participants ≥1 year after completing the University Alabama at Birmingham EatRight Weight Management Program. Research Methods Procedures: Seventy‐four former (64% women) completed follow‐up visits participating in EatRight, which promotes low‐energy density, high‐complex carbohydrate foods. maintenance was defined as gaining <5% body since completion...
To examine the effect of a short course high-dose retinol (preformed vitamin A) on dark adaptation in older adults with normal retinal health or early age-related maculopathy (ARM).The study design was randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled experiment. Adults > = 50 years age whose fundus photographs for eye to be tested psychophysically fell within steps 1 9 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Grading System were randomly assigned 30-day 50,000 IU oral placebo. At baseline and...