On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) a pandemic.[1] Currently, there are more than 3 million cases and one lakh deaths reported, still counting.[2] This has brought radical changes in all aspects of our lives. Social distancing restrictive movement policies have markedly deranged traditional educational practices. The time course these is indeterminate. These affected conventional in-person ophthalmic education...

To evaluate over almost 2 decades the success of a component cataract surgery that represents critical step in reducing incidence posterior capsule opacification (PCO); namely, efficacy cortical cleanup.Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Department Ophthalmology, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, USA.Accessioned from early 1980s to 1997, 3320 eyes obtained postmortem with chamber intraocular lenses were analyzed respect formation...

Purpose: To emphasize an important aspect of preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO), the barrier effect established by optic a chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL), and present new classification regarding capsular bag status after extracapsular cataract extraction, including phacoemulsification. Setting: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, USA. Methods: This analysis included 150 consecutive eyes...

Purpose: To evaluate fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), silicone, hydrophobic soft acrylate, hydrogel intraocular lenses (IOLs) in pseudophakic human autopsy eyes. Setting: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. Methods: Thirty-eight eyes containing PMMA, or IOLs were assessed. Histological sections prepared from each eye,...

To evaluate fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), silicone, hydrophobic soft acrylate, hydrogel intraocular lenses (IOLs) in human pseudophakic autopsy eyes.Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.Thirty-two eyes containing PMMA, or IOLs were assessed. The explanted from the capsular bag, both sides immunohistochemically stained IV. number...

Purpose: To report clinical, pathological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and spectrographic analyses of explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) obtained from patients who had visual disturbances caused by postoperative opacification the lens optic. Setting: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, USA, Ege University, Alsancak Izmir, Turkey. Methods: Nine IOLs (SC60B-OUV, MDR Inc.) were 9 with...

Purpose: To experimentally analyze the role and efficacy of hydrodissection in achieving maximal cortical cleanup. Setting: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Department Ophthalmology, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, USA. Methods: Phacoemulsification irrigation/aspiration were performed 10 pairs human eyes (20 eyes) obtained postmortem. Ten had previous eyes, no hydrodissection. The time (seconds) required complete lens substance...

Purpose: To evaluate anterior capsule staining using 3 dyes to perform continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) in postmortem human eyes with advanced/white cataract. Setting: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. Methods: In experimental closed-system surgery, CCC was performed 12 cataract after the stained (fluorescein sodium 2%, indocyanine green [ICG] 0.5%, trypan blue 0.1%). Two commonly...

Methyl 3-(1'-m-iodobenzyloxyethyl)-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (2), obtained in a sequence of reactions from pyropheophorbide-a (a chlorophyll-a derivative), was found to be promising imaging agent and photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The electrophillic aromatic iodination the corresponding trimethylstannyl intermediate with Na124I presence an Iodogen bead afforded 124I-labeled 4 >95% radioactive specificity. In addition drug-uptake, light fluence rate that were used treatment...

To obtain measurements of the white-to-white distance and anterior chamber ciliary sulcus diameters in phakic human eyes obtained post-mortem to find a correlation between these measurements.David J. Apple, MD Laboratories for Ophthalmic Devices Research, John A. Moran Eye Center, University Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.Twenty-two from eye banks within 24 hours death were evaluated. The following performed: distance, diameter with plastic sizer after small limbal incision, fixation sagittal...

The carbohydrate moieties on conjugating with 3-(1′-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinyl pyropeophorbide-a (HPPH) altered the uptake and intracellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. In vitro, HPPH-Gal 9 PDT showed increased efficacy over HPPH−PDT as detectable by oxidative cross-linking of nonphosphorylated STAT3 cell killing in ABCG2-expressing RIF cells but not ABCG2-negative Colon26 cells. This could at least partially be attributed cellular accumulation 9, suggesting a role ABCG2...

The αvβ3 integrin receptor plays an important role in human metastasis and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptide represents a selective ligand that has been extensively used for research, therapy, diagnosis of neoangiogenesis. For developing photosensitizers with enhanced PDT efficacy, we here report the synthesis series bifunctional agents which 3-(1′-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinylpyropheophorbide (HPPH), chlorophyll-based photosensitizer, was conjugated to cRGD related...

A lactose moiety was regioselectively introduced at various positions of N-hexyl-mesopurpurinimide (a class chlorin containing a fused six-membered imide ring system, λmax: 700 nm) to investigate the effect its presence and position on photosensitizing efficacy. The resulting novel structures produced significant difference in vitro vivo Among positional isomers which 3, 8, 12, 3-lactose purpurin-18-N-hexylimide best Compared these analogues, joined with an amide bond 172, N-benzyl group...

Photosensitizers (PS) synthesized with the aim of optimizing photodynamic therapy (PDT) tumors do not always fulfill their potential when tested in vitro and vivo different tumor models. The ATP-dependent transporter ABCG2, a multidrug resistant pump expressed at variable levels cancerous cells, can bind efflux wide range structurally classes compounds including several PS used preclinically clinically such as porphyrins chlorins. ABCG2 may lower intracellular substrate below threshold for...

meso-(2-Formylvinyl)octaethylporphyrin on reaction with cyanotrimethylsilane in the presence of various catalysts {copper triflate [Cu(OTf)2], indium [In(OTf)3], or magnesium bromide diethyl etherate (MgBr2·Et2O)} produced a mixture intermediate 3-hydroxy-3-cyanopropenoporphyrin, corresponding trimethylsilyl ether derivative, and unexpected propenochlorins. The yields products were found to depend conditions used. porphyrins treatment concentrated sulfuric acid yielded free-base...

We describe the technique of sealed capsule irrigation, which aims to reduce posterior opacification and better control lens epithelial cell activity.

To evaluate the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after implantation single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with an enhanced square edge.John A. Moran Eye Center, University Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.The standard 570H Centerflex (Rayner Ltd.) design was compared to 2 new designs edges: 570E and 570C. Ten IOLs each type were implanted in a randomized manner by same surgeon 15 pigmented rabbits. After follow-up 3 weeks, rabbits killed eyes analyzed from...

At similar lipophilicity, compared to the nonfluorinated purpurinimide 11, corresponding fluorinated analog 8 with a trifluoromethyl substituent at lower half (position-132) of molecule showed enhanced photosensitizing efficacy. The structural parameters established in purpurinimides (λmax: 700 nm) were successfully translated bacteriopurpurin imide system 19 792 and within both series, monotonic relationship between lipophilicity vivo PDT activity was observed. For preparing water-soluble...