Many optical fiber sensors designed to recover quasi-static strain fields in the presence of significant temperature changes have been reported recent years. A general theoretical analysis influ- ence systematic errors associated with measurement process is presented and applied a range techniques that are current inter- est literature. The performances methods based on Bragg grating sensors, polarization-maintaining Fabry-Perot interfer- ometers, combined dual-mode interference/polarimetry...

Using automatic sensor data, this is the first study to characterize individual cow feeding and rumination behavior simultaneously as affected by lameness. A group of mixed-parity, lactating Holstein cows were loose-housed with free access 24 cubicles 12 feed stations. Cows milked three times/day. Fresh was delivered once daily. During days effectively 22 13,908 station visits 7,697 events obtained from neck-mounted accelerometers on 16 analyzed. same period, locomotion scored four occasions...

Abstract The growth in wirelessly enabled sensor network technologies has the low cost deployment of platforms with applications a range sectors and communities. In agricultural domain such sensors have been foundation for creation decision support tools that enhance farm operational efficiency. This Research Reflection illustrates how these advances are assisting dairy farmers to optimise performance where emerging technology can offer additional benefits. One early at an individual animal...

Polarimetric and two-mode differential interferometric schemes incorporated in an elliptical-core fiber are able to resolve strain temperature simultaneously with resolutions of 10 /spl mu/m/m 5/spl deg/C, respectively. A technique, based on the evaluation condition number a matrix, is shown be useful evaluating comparative merits multiparameter sensing schemes. The determinant beat length matrix expressed terms mode propagation constants, method for designing specialized fibers suitable...

The optical phase-locked loop is analyzed taking into account shot noise, phase and propagation delay. degradation of error due to delay evaluated in terms the bandwidth product <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\omega_{n} \cdot \tau_{D}</tex> . This was found have a maximum value 0.736 for absolute stability. resulting effect on Costas system optimized zero time discussed. It that order maintain 10 <sup...

Particle processing industries, such as pharmaceutical, food and consumer goods sectors, increasingly require strategies to control engineer particle attributes. In both traditional batch continuous processes, size shape need be effectively monitored through in-line measurements from Process Analytical Technologies. However, obtaining quantitative information these has proven challenging imaging techniques are primarily used for qualitative purposes. Two key challenges are: (1) the presence...

The reticuloruminal function is central to the digestive efficiency in ruminants. For cattle, collar- and ear tag-based accelerometer monitors have been developed assess time spent ruminating on an individual animal. Cattle that are ill feed less so ruminate less, thus, estimation of provides insights into health animals. pH boluses directly provide information within rumen extended (three hours or more) periods during which ruminal value remains below 5.6 indicator dysfunction poor welfare...

Efficient processing of particulate products across various manufacturing steps requires that particles possess desired attributes such as size and shape. Controlling the particle production process to obtain required will be greatly facilitated using robust algorithms providing shape information from in situ measurements. However, obtaining during has been a big challenge. This is because problem estimating (aspect ratio) signals provided by in-line measuring tools often ill posed,...

Worldwide, there is a trend towards increased herd sizes, and the animal-to-stockman ratio increasing within beef dairy sectors; thus, time available to monitoring individual animals reducing. The behaviour of cows known change in hours prior parturition, for example, less ruminating eating activity level tail-raise events. These behaviours can be monitored non-invasively using animal-mounted sensors. Thus, behavioural traits are ideal variables prediction calving. This study explored...

Monitoring cattle behaviour is core to the early detection of health and welfare issues optimise fertility large herds. Accelerometer-based sensor systems that provide activity profiles are now used extensively on commercial farms have evolved identify behaviours such as time spent ruminating eating at an individual animal level. Acquiring this information scale central informing on-farm management decisions. The paper presents development a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifies...

The use of supervised Machine Learning (ML) to enhance Intrusion Detection Systems has been the subject significant research. Supervised ML is based upon learning by example, demanding volumes representative instances for effective training and need re-train model every unseen cyber-attack class. However, retraining models in-situ renders network susceptible attacks owing time-window required acquire a sufficient volume data. Although anomaly detection systems provide coarse-grained defence...

Coordinate-based Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) networks, despite being capable of learning neural implicit representations, are not performant for internal image synthesis applications. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically used instead a variety generative tasks, at the cost larger model. We propose Knitwork, an architecture representation natural images that achieves by optimizing distribution patches in adversarial manner and enforcing consistency between patch predictions. To best...

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of CO&amp;#8322; emissions in Glasgow, utilizing dense network Berkeley Environmental Air quality and CO2 Network (BEACON) sensors for the year 2022. The research employs sophisticated model setup, integrating high-resolution meteorological data from Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) with Lagrangian Particle Dispersion footprint modeling. A Bayesian inversion framework &amp;#160;developed by University California, refines prior emission inventory...

Abstract The effects of supplementary feed (chou moellier and red clover hay) on ingestion soil by sheep wear incisor teeth were followed for 11 months two farms with a history vf excessive wear. Supplementary was supplied about 8 to 10 weeks over the winter period when pasture growth is low animal appetite high. Peak intakes reduced up 75 percent tooth 50 at this compared controls. Over whole year percent.

Regulatory requirements for sub-sea oil and gas operators mandates the frequent inspection of pipeline assets to ensure that their degradation damage are maintained at acceptable levels. The process is usually sub-contracted surveyors who utilize Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), launched from a surface vessel piloted over pipeline. ROVs capture data various sensors/instruments which subsequently reviewed interpreted by human operators, creating log event annotations; slow, labor-intensive...

Cloud cover remains a significant limitation to broad range of applications relying on optical remote sensing imagery, including crop identification/yield prediction, climate monitoring, and land classification. A common approach cloud removal treats the problem as an inpainting task imputes data in cloud-affected regions employing either mosaicing historical or making use modalities not impacted by obstructions, such SAR. Recently, deep learning approaches have been explored these...

Monitoring and classification of dairy cattle behaviours is essential for optimising milk yields. Early detection illness, days before the critical conditions occur, together with automatic onset oestrus cycles crucial obviating prolonged treatments improving pregnancy rates. Accelerometer-based sensor systems are becoming increasingly popular, as they automatically providing information about key such level restlessness time spent ruminating eating, proxy measurements that indicate heat...

This paper reports on the design, construction and test of a sensor for detecting presence water as function position along an optical fiber length. The technique combines Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) with chemically sensitive swellable polymers (hydrogels). Initial experiments have shown that is capable ingress points small 50 cm in length over lengths excess 100 m. has been assembled into robust cable configuration which allowed it to be installed representative bridge...

We report on the design, construction and test of a generic form sensor for making distributed measurements range chemical parameters. The technique combines optical time-domain reflectometry with chemically sensitive water-swellable polymers (hydrogels). Initial experiments have concentrated demonstrating water detector; however, gels been developed that enable this to be readily adapted pH measurements.

The work summarises a study of the data communications requirements for agricultural livestock monitoring applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Several design challenges are identified and analysed in depth based on actual global positioning system gathered from an herd cattle. A including antennae diversity together with downloads optimisation schemes utilising collector routers developed tested working farm environment. Two analysis metrics, connection availability duration,...

Collar-based activity sensors are in common use as a means of detecting oestrus to optimise farm fertility and, hence, productivity. Recently, the same acceleration-derived signals have been processed detect time spent ruminating and eating, which, together, give an insight into animal welfare. Here, neck-mounted accelerometers provide quantifiable measure period that individual exhibits signs heat stress is reported. Heat has significant impact on both welfare Cattle studied during elevated...

This paper reports on the use of estimates individual animal feed intake (made using time spent feeding measurements) to predict Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), a measure amount consumed produce 1 kg body mass, for an animal. Reported research date has evaluated ability statistical methods daily based measurements measured electronic systems. The study collated data eating 80 beef animals over 56-day period as basis prediction intake. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model was trained and...

This paper examines the issue of instrumentation for civil structures and in particular discusses role sensing systems evolution smart building concept. The sheer size most interest presents its own technological challenge designing a suitable architecture which will also conveniently address area to be covered provide sufficient points adequately characterize structure under test. In addition, measurement problem itself, comprises both process monitoring use assessment must defined. former...

A novel broadcast/multicast-capable carrier-reuse WDM-PON architecture is proposed. Utilizing the splitting capability of a power splitter and cyclic property an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) at remote node, broadcast channel dedicated downlink unicast can be overlaid subsequently transmitted to each optical network unit (ONU) simultaneously. Since ONU receive common with electronically coded information, multicast function implemented in higher layer, similar current multicast-capable...