The photoluminescent properties of multicrystalline silicon wafers have been studied using hyperspectral imaging in the region 900–1700 nm. Hyperspectral provides high resolution macroscopic images both spatial and spectral dimensions over a time frame seconds. Energy states introduced bandgap Si from crystal imperfections resulted increased recombination photogenerated free charge carriers. Spectral near infrared enabled us to spatially image specific radiative processes through traps...

In this contribution, spectral photoluminescence (SPL) imaging detecting both the distribution and lateral position is applied on recombination active defects in multicrystalline silicon solar cells wafers. The result analysed by a Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) algorithm using response their positions. (i) Without any pre-assumptions made, distinguishes four different defect types. Looking at spatial distribution, it shown that two of these types coincide with have been distinguished...

Abstract Spectral imaging techniques are a powerful tool for surveillance and monitoring of degradation mechanisms in PV modules. Luminescence images solar modules have until recently been predominantly acquired controlled laboratory settings. Recent attempts made detecting luminescence daylight. This study aims to present proof concept detection photoluminescence with sunlight excitation. It enables several string as well strings simultaneously by changing the operating point through...

Outdoor photoluminescence imaging on field-deployed solar cell modules has been conducted to an increasing extent in recent years. Photoluminescence images provide more details about defects than thermal infrared images, while the procedure potential be faster electroluminescence because it does not require electrical connection modules. However, when with sunlight excitation, is based lock-in technique, which implies switching between modules' two operating points. This often results need...

Photoluminescence imaging of field-installed photovoltaic modules has the potential to be a high throughput on-site inspection technique. A contribution this development is noninvasive photoluminescence method that been proposed recently. It based on acquiring images during progressing current–voltage curve sweep, resulting in detection continuously changing signal. From follows necessity employ an alternative algorithm Pearson correlation coefficient, which will contribute efficient,...

Spectral imaging techniques are powerful tools for surveillance and monitoring of degradation mechanisms in PV power plants. Luminescence images silicon solar modules have until recently been predominantly acquired controlled laboratory settings. Recent attempts made detecting photoluminescence from daylight. This study aims to present an approach detection with sunlight excitation. It enables several simultaneously by changing the string's operating point through wireless, contactless...

Eight litters of 10 pre-weaned piglets from 6 to 22 days age were evaluated for resting space occupied in an experimental 1 2 m creep box. Piglets at setpoint temperatures 30C, 34C, and 38C one week age; 23C, 27C, 31C two weeks 21C, 25C, 29C three old. Floor temperature, as provided by radiant heat lamps, was the primary environmental variable. 25C recommended condition piglet comfort 1, 2, 3, respectively. The other each considered mildly challenging being too cool or warm. objective study...

The hygrothermal surface conditions of a façade is important for the degradation material as well energy budget building. distribution short term variations temperature and moisture in often neglected studies that will typically treat whole equally. are especially porous building materials where water dependent biological physical processes main degrading factors. In this study diurnal cycle measured with conventional probes infra-red camera. addition, content wooden resistive measurement...

Crystal imperfections limit the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Recombination through traps is more prominent in areas with high density crystal imperfections. A method to visualize distribution radiative emission from Shockley Read Hall recombination demonstrated. We use hyperspectral photoluminescence, a fast non-destructive method, image radiatively active processes on set 50 wafers block. The defect related lines D1 and D2 may be detected together or alone. D3 D4 seem...

The present work is a demonstration of how near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging can be used to detect defects in silicon wafers and solar cells. Chemometric analysis techniques such as multivariate curve resolution (MCR) partial least squares discriminant (PLS-DA) allow various types classified cascades radiative the samples extracted. It also demonstrated utilising macro lens yields spatial 30 µm on selected regions samples, revealing that some defect signals...

Crystal imperfections degrade the quality of multicrystalline silicon wafers by introducing alternative recombination mechanisms. Here we use non-destructive hyperspectral imaging to detect photoluminescence signals from radiatively active processes over wafer with a highly resolved spectral third dimension. We demonstrate that band-to-band can be visually separated through traps across whole surface using imaging. Our samples are studied in near infrared wavelength region, 900-1700 nm,...

Photoluminescence imaging under sunlight excitation has in the recent years been proposed as a promising inspection technique of field-installed photovoltaic modules. Virtually, all studies have conducted full and clear sky conditions. A study which photoluminescence images had acquired at an irradiance level below 100 W m−2 using lock-in shown potential these with respect to defect analysis. Additionally, on-site measurement techniques are subject weather conditions, it would be favorable...

The long-term use of a filter-based, on-site wastewater treatment system increases nutrient discharge to receiving waters and may reduce its hygienic barrier efficiency. main purpose this research was assess the efficiency associated health risks an that had exceeded 5-yr design capacity with respect phosphorus (P) removal. investigated for bacteria virus removal assessed potential in relation reuse effluent irrigation. consists septic tank, pressure-dosed vertical flow biofilter, up-flow...

Surfaces are the most vulnerable part of structures due to continuous exposure variable climatic conditions. Even if weathering mainly affects aestethic appearance wooden facades it may lead more advanced degradation such as wood cracking, checks and consequently penetration wood-decaying agents into material. The goal this research was investigate kinetics rate samples. experimental specimens were weathered at 15 locations in Europe for a period 1 month. Hyperspectal imaging used evaluation...

Footpad dermatitis is a condition that causes lesions on the plantar surface of footpads in growing turkeys. Potential inflammatory processes and pain associated with increasing severity footpad raise animal welfare concerns. This study investigated whether temperature foot (the entire including interdigital membranes) assessed infrared thermography reflects mild as Visual Analogue Scale 80 turkey toms at 10 weeks age. In order to effects potential emotional arousal due testing procedures,...

Abstract Texture characterization plays an important role in image analysis as do signal complexity for one‐dimensional arrays (time series a.o.). One of the most effective approaches this task is Angle Measure Technique (AMT) which simultaneously describes images or signals at all scales. This approach not widespread yet, first because absence universal software with a user‐friendly interface, implements general AMT algorithm together many necessary pre‐ and post‐processing techniques. In...

Hyperspectral near infrared imaging has been applied in a field study of fungal growth on variety wood substrates exposed an outdoor environment over six-month period. This was performed as follow up to hyperspectral examination surfaces laboratory setting. measurements were carried out both outdoors and indoors order explore the influence different light conditions. Segmentation mould using principal component analysis, spectral angle mapper partial least squares-discriminant analysis....