This article reviews existing literature on spatial metrics, presenting a portfolio of metrics addressing the patterns growing and shrinking cities discussing their potential limitations. A wide diverse set was found. While these address most identified urban growth, used in shrinkage studies are much scarcer not nearly sufficient to provide comprehensive assessment its patterns. The concludes that there is great for development new or mixed indicators, particularly contexts. builds recent...

This article provides an overview on the current debate evaluation in urban planning. An initial state of art is presented three parts: evolution theory and methods, contemporary planning around different perspectives paradigms, nature extent practice The second part focuses growing emphasis form issues systems. comprehensive literature review background to support authors’ proposal for a set general principles evaluate implementation plans.

A great number of contributions regarding shrinking cities correspond to generic discourses on urban problems, which cover planning policies with approaches and strategies developed in somewhat diverse or even very different contexts. The debate shrinkage is still feeble fragmented. Perhaps this owing the character its relative novelty. An explicit, unequivocal, comprehensive theoretical framework topic for lacking. This entails a previous reflection about what means should mean, role...

Abstract The paradigm of Adaptive Planning and Management provides several methodological approaches for designing robust adaptive plans to cope with uncertain future changes, namely the Adaptation Pathways’ method (APs). These approaches, particularly those containing APs, have captured increasing interest in field coastal climate adaptation as useful guiding its planning management. While these been tested research cases, there are still few real cases application into spatial instruments....

This paper describes the design of an evaluation methodology—the Plan-Process-Results (PPR) approach—and its application to municipal urban plans currently in force two largest Portuguese cities, Lisbon and Oporto. After identification main contributions from a literature review, fundamental elements this methodology are characterised. Each case study is appraised according rationality, performance conformance, number planning proposals presented improve practice each these cities. Finally,...

Urban mobility problems, such as congestion, have been threatening the quality of life, competitiveness, and sustainable development urban areas. The need for an integrated approach to land use transport in management has widely recognised. Accessibility measures are believed provide a useful framework support this approach. Some these can also reveal potential created by structures. This paper introduces concept structural accessibility new planning tool—the Structural Layer (SAL). tool...

This paper explores the potential of geographic information systems (GIS) in study urban historic cartography. The first part focuses on three European schools morphology, that have been using cartographic analysis city, since half 20th century. Built this theoretical context, second describes use GIS redrawing maps Lisbon and Oporto. A discussion fundamental contribution method is then presented. encourages enables rigorous representation spatial characteristics phenomena. Furthermore,...

To date a large number of studies have been carried out to analyse the comparative performance EIA systems in Europe. Most include chapter on screening, but few specifically focus this important step process. The Directive defines common screening approach be adopted by Member States. However, significant differences regulations and practices across European countries regions exist. paper typifies these provides critical appraisal most solutions that so far. A practical suggestions...

This article presents a view and methodology of planning evaluation. integrates elements from three different types evaluation, based on rationality ex ante, performance conformance. The authors propose the Plan–Process–Results (PPR) for evaluating plan implementation. A number criteria comprehensive evaluation are presented. application this to particular case study, Lisbon Municipal Plan (1994), illustrates how PPR can enable identification explanation main successes activity.

Despite the potential advantages of a closer link between planning evaluation and programme , both fields have been developed independently. This is mainly due to significant differences them, particularly in terms historical background, scope contexts, articulation theory practice, timings evaluation. article advocates bridging gap these two fields, presents Plan-Process-Results (PPR) methodology as an example of, contribution to, this process. PPR for evaluating plan implementation,...

European Union directives, along with their transposing arrangements in EU member states, can have unanticipated and sometimes undesirable impacts on certain regions places. These include the use of space (e.g. new infrastructure or sprawl), governance, wider social, economic environmental dimensions. Although ex-ante assessment potential initiatives has been carried out since 2002 through Commission's Impact Assessment procedure also national equivalents some important are still overlooked,...

The landscape crisis and the climate strongly affect coastal landscapes in many regions worldwide. Evidence shows that difficulty of governing has increased alongside attractiveness contemporary societies for settlements near coastline. There is a growing debate governance conceptualisation operationalisation, research. Despite significant progress on this theme, empirical discussions are scarce, trend already followed by planning management debates, highlighting need This article explores...

Abstract In recent years, the debate on urban morphology has been polarized by two different perspectives, first developed within International Seminar Urban Form (ISUF), based Conzenian and Muratorian traditions, second – space syntax particularly in University College London. Both approaches are being further a wide international context. The parts of this paper describe origins, main characteristics, contributions these approaches, which illustrated authors on‐going research Oporto form...

The last few years have seen a growing interest in furthering our understanding of the complex relationships between land use and transport. Nevertheless, putting that knowledge into practice urban transport planning has been adversely affected by lack broad consensus on main concepts methods used this field. To address issue, paper proposes new approach based concept 'mobility environments' as instrument for mobility planning. illustrate assess approach, an application developed...