ABSTRACT Executive stock option plans have asymmetric payoffs that could induce managers to take on more risk. Evidence from traded call options and return data supports this notion. Implicit share price variance, computed the Black‐Scholes pricing model, variance increase after approval of an executive plan. The event is accompanied by a significant positive negative bond market reaction. This evidence consistent with notion may wealth transfer bondholders stockholders.

DNA−carbon nanotube hybrids (DNA−CN) are novel nanoscale materials that consist of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCN) coated with a self-assembled monolayer single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Recent experiments on DNA−CN have shown this material offers remarkable set technologically useful properties such as facilitation SWCN sorting, chemical sensing, and detection hybridization. Despite the importance DNA−CN, detailed understanding its microscopic structure physical is lacking. To address this,...

Modified DNA bases are widespread in biology. 5-Methylcytosine (mC) is a predominant epigenetic marker higher eukaryotes involved gene regulation, development, aging, cancer, and disease. Recently, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) was identified mammalian brain tissue stem cells. However, most of the currently available assays cannot distinguish mC from hmC fragments. We investigate here physical properties with modified cytosines, efforts to develop tool that distinguishes Molecular dynamics...

The DNA−carbon nanotube hybrid (DNA-CN) consists of a single-wall carbon (SWCN) coated with self-assembled monolayer single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Recent experiments have demonstrated that this nanomaterial is ideal for numerous nanotechnological applications. Despite importance, the structure material remains poorly understood. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided information about self-assembly mechanisms and ssDNA conformations characterize DNA-CN. However, MD biopolymers at low...

We provide evidence on the role of commodity futures in portfolios comprised stocks, bonds, T-bills, and real estate. Over period investigated (1973–1997), Markowitz optimization over a range risk levels gives substantial weight to futures, thereby enhancing portfolios' returns. find dramatically different results when we use simple ex ante measure monetary stringency dichotomize sample into expansive-versus-restrictive monetary-policy periods. In periods characterized by restrictive policy,...

We extend earlier studies and present new evidence on the benefits of adding precious metals to U.S. equity portfolios. report five major findings related potential investing in either directly via commodity or indirectly equities. First, we find that a 25% allocation equities firms improves portfolio performance substantially. Second, our indicates an indirect investment dominates direct metals. Third, relative platinum silver, gold has better stand-alone appears provide hedge against...

The interactions between DNA bases and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) govern the self-assembly of DNA–CNT hybrids (see image), a novel class nanomaterials with many applications in nanotechnology. free-energy calculations presented here reveal importance van der Waals electrostatic interactions, solvent-mediated effects, entropy base–CNT binding provide better understanding these hybrid nanomaterials.

With the recent increase in equity volatility, commodity investments have garnered significant attention from investors. Previous research has found substantial benefits associated with investments, but there remains considerable uncertainty regarding consistency and general applicability of those for This article provides evidence that helps to resolve some regard investments. Specifically, based on a sample period 36 years, it shows regardless style an investor pursues. Obtaining benefit,...

Polyolefins represent a high-volume class of polymers prized for their attractive thermomechanical properties, but the lack chemical functionality on polyolefins makes them inadequate many high-performance engineering applications. We report metal-free postpolymerization modification approach to impart onto branched without deleterious chain-coupling or chain-scission side reactions inherent previous methods. The identification conditions thermally initiated polyolefin C–H functionalization...

In this article the authors examine diversification benefits of adding managed and unmanaged commodity futures to a traditional portfolio that consists U.S. equities, foreign corporate bonds, Treasury bills from 1973 through 1999. Consistent with previous evidence, they find substantially enhance performance for investors, provide greatest benefit. They show (both unmanaged) accrue almost exclusively when Federal Reserve is following restrictive monetary policy. The results suggest metals...

Several studies show no significant difference in stock market performance between Republican and Democratic presidential administrations. While the authors confirm this finding for an index of large-capitalization stocks, they find that small-capitalization stocks perform Insignificantly better during administrations (an annual return over 20%). The also present new evidence debt performs significantly In fact, on average, real returns to 1929 through 1996 period have been negative.

This paper examines the behavior of managerial investment, dividend, and capital structure decisions subsequent to adoption stock options as part compensation package. Previous studies have documented a positive market reaction changes in incentive plans. The specific that such plans induce remain unclear. Surprisingly, firms increase option experience earnings declines, on average, relative their industries. A decline expenditures R&D an selling, general administrative expenses is also documented.

In this paper an attempt is made to document the interdependence among stocks, bonds and gold. Gold important asset class has often been seen as a safe haven counter-cyclical investment vehicle. We present extension of work done by Diebold Yilmaz (2009) using spillover index methodology examine whether gold returns volatilities can predict U.S. stock bond market movements or vice versa. For sample period from January 1970 until April 2009, return spillovers appear muted. However, there some...

Firm size and price-to-book-value ratio are prominent measures in explaining cross-sectional stock returns. Historically, average returns on shares of small-capitalization firms low price-to-book have exceeded those large-capitalization high firms. Recent evidence also shows that monetary policy developments significantly explain security When we considered the influence Federal Reserve's stance, found effects depend largely environment. Specifically, small-firm premiums economically...

Using 24 years of data, we show that emerging market equities are a worthy addition to U.S. investor's portfolio developed equities. Specifically, returns increased by approximately 1.5 percentage points year when country were included in the investment set. When considered Federal Reserve monetary policy, however, found benefits investing markets accrued almost exclusively during periods restrictive policy. During expansive investor holding trivial. An implication our findings is evaluating...

We demonstrate a versatile class of nanoscale chemical sensors based on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for recognition and single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWNT FETs) electronic read-out. SWNT FETs with coating ssDNA respond to vapours that cause no detectable conductivity change in bare devices. The gases tested are methanol, trimethylamine, propionic acid, dimethylmethylphosphonate dinitrotoluene. Sensor responses differ sign magnitude different can be tuned by choice...

Despite the great promise of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT FETs) for applications in chemical and biochemical detection, a quantitative understanding sensor responses is lacking. To explore role electrostatics transduction, experiments were conducted with set highly similar compounds designed to adsorb onto CNT FET via pyrene linker group take on known charge states under ambient conditions. Acidic basic species observed induce threshold voltage shifts opposite sign,...