The study investigates the impact of trade openness on pollution in China by applying wavelet-coherence analysis, phase-difference technique and Breitung Candelon (2006) causality test. estimated results provide some dynamic association between pollutant variables. indicate that has increased especially after 2001 when became member WTO. It suggests “pollution haven hypothesis” exists China. These imply exports which domestic production increasing scale industries, turn country. findings...

The study investigates the effect of financial development on major economic indicators, i.e., growth, inflation, and employment by applying System GMM estimation technique for a panel 120 countries period 1997 to 2017. Four distinct proxies are used, private sector credit, liquid liabilities, money quasi money, bank credit. results contradict traditional supply-lending hypothesis reveal negative impact growth. Moreover, is found be positively associated with inflation It suggested that...

By applying the wavelet tool, this study examines effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on pollution in China, for period 1982 to 2016. Carbon dioxide and sulfur emissions are used as variables. The results reveal that FDI positively affected at high frequency (short term) during 1980s after 2000, low (long but not medium (medium entire time period. It demonstrates increases both short long term, term. indicates has created havens China. For robustness analysis, spectral causality test...

The paper examines the impact of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan. Channel variables, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment, and government spending, through which influences growth, are identified. For empirical analysis, annual data for period 1972–2014 used, a structural model is estimated using generalised method moments (GMM) estimation approach. results reveal that (1) FDI significantly negative, whereas spending positive (2) net effect negative. One per...

Hasil sensus penduduk tahun 2010 yang dilakukan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menunjukkan bahwa ada sekitar 157.053.112 ribu jiwa Indonesia berada pada kelompok umur usia produktif. Analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan interpretasi data berbasis kajian kepustakaan (literatur review), dengan menggunakan sekunder terdiri dari hasil proyeksi dikeluarkan oleh Perencanaan Nasional (Bappenas) 2010-2035. penelitian Proyeksi Penduduk Bappenas BPS 2020 jumlah produktif sebesar 183.517.329 atau 57% total...

ABSTRACT The digital economy has emerged as a significant driver of development in many countries, yet its impact on environmental sustainability remains subject debate among experts. Unlike previous studies, this research examines the influence while investigating mediating role green innovation relationship. Using panel dataset from BRICS countries covering period 2004–2020, study explores by employing finance and infrastructure proxies. Advanced econometric techniques, including Cup‐FM,...

Bu calisma, 1947–2007 donemini kapsayan yillik veriler kullanilarak Pakistan’da dis ticaret alaninda disa aciklik ile enflasyon arasindaki iliski ampirik olarak incelenmistir. Ampirik analiz sonuclari, arasinda pozitif bir oldugunu gostermektedir. Sonuclar, enflasyonu belirleyen diger degiskenlerden ve duyarlilik analizlerinden etkilenmemektedir. Esnek kambiyo rejimi gelisme duzeyindeki artis yurtici artirmaktadir. Diger kontrol degiskenleri olan para arzi, mali acik, doviz kurunun deger...

Developed and developing countries are trying to achieve sustainable growth in the present era. Unfortunately, despite being world’s largest country, China is among those that have a high ecological footprint as it emits 27% of global carbon emissions 2021. However, encouraging fact has become an emerging economy due technological advancement. Many existing studies suggested innovation can overcome environmental degradation. Therefore, this study examines whether reduced degradation from...

The importance of downside risk cannot be denied. In this study, we have replaced beta in the five-factor model using and added a momentum factor to suggest new six-factor capital asset pricing (CAPM). Two models are tested—a beta- momentum-based downside-beta- (proxy risk) model. Beta highly correlated; therefore, portfolios double-sorted disentangle correlation. Factor loadings, i.e., size, value, momentum, profitability, investment, constructed. standard methodologies applied. Data for...

The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalisation on income inequality in China and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries. Panel data analysis is conducted period 1973 to 2012. results show that liberal policies have increased these These are robust alternative measures. control variables used differing distribution. Per capita has an increasing effect inequality, while education, financial development, openness, democracy, government size shown reduce...

Using time series data, the paper empirically analyzes effects of trade liberalization on exports, imports and balance in Pakistan for period 1981/82 to 2007/08. It concludes that stimulates both exports with effect being greater latter than former thereby worsening balance. Other variables, is, real exchange rate, domestic foreign incomes, terms market distortions affect theoretically expected directions. Inclusion interaction indicate price income elasticities These results have important...

The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalization reforms on food security in South Asia countries ( sac s) using econometric analysis a panel framework for period from 1972 to 2013. estimated results indicate that has significant positive effect production and region. also endorse role agriculture factors improving s. findings is mainly political problem Asia. Solving conflicts politically, violence prevention, reduction international arms trade, military expenditures...