The capability of coupling measurements river velocity derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and water levels ENVISAT Advanced Radar Altimeter (RA-2) for discharge estimation is thoroughly investigated. method applied even considering the possible unavailability cross-section survey by using entropy theory reconstructing bathymetry. accuracy validated in situ along Po River (Northern Italy) where daily observations are available period 2005-2010. agreement with...

On 16 February 2021, an eruptive paroxysm took place at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), after continuous Strombolian activity recorded summit craters, which intensified in December 2020. This was the first of 17 short, but violent, events occurring during February–April mostly a time interval about 2–3 days between each other. The paroxysms produced lava fountains (up to 1000 m high), huge tephra columns 10–11 km above sea level), and pyroclastic flows, expanding 2–4 towards East South. last...

Natural gas flaring (GF) is a longstanding problem for the oil industry. Recent estimates indicate that this phenomenon has increased to levels recorded full decade earlier. While in 2020 there was decline global GF due COVID-19 pandemic, data suggest continues be persistent issue, with solutions remaining difficult or uneconomical certain countries. Nighttime satellite products are widely used map and monitor affected areas, partially filling general lack of information from companies...

Abstract. In this paper, the robust satellite techniques (RST), a multi-temporal scheme of data analysis, was implemented to analyze flaring activity Val d'Agri Oil Center (COVA), largest Italian gas and oil pre-treatment plant, owned by Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI). For site, located in an anthropized area characterized large environmental complexity, emissions are mainly related emergency conditions (i.e., waste flaring), as industrial processes regulated strict regional laws. While...

The Daytime Approach for gas Flaring Investigation (DAFI), running in Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment, exploits a Normalized Hotspot Index (NHI), analyzing near-infrared and short-wave infrared radiances, to detect worldwide high-temperature flaring sites (GFs). Landsat 8—Operational Land Imager (OLI) observations, of 2013–2021, represents the employed dataset. A temporal persistence criterion is applied customized NHI product select GFs. It assures 99% detection accuracy more intense...

An effective characterization of gas flaring is hampered by the lack systematic, complete and reliable data on its magnitude spatial distribution. In last years, a few satellite methods have been developed to provide independent information activity at global, national local scale. Among these, MODIS-based method, aimed computation flared volumes an Italian plant, was proposed. this work, more general version approach, named RST-FLARE, has sites localization emitted over long time period for...

The environment, the climate and human health are largely exposed to gas flaring (GF) effects, releasing significant dangerous gases into atmosphere. In last few decades, remote sensing technology has received great attention in investigation. Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ), located south of Iran, hosts many natural oil/gas processing plants petrochemical industries, making this area one most air-polluted zones Iran. object research is detect GF-related thermal anomalies PSEEZ by...

The synergic use of satellite data at moderate spatial resolution (i.e., 20-30 m) from the new Collection 2 (C2) Landsat-8/9 (L8/9) Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 (S2) Multispectral Instrument (MSI) provides a perspective in remote sensing applications for gas flaring (GF) identification monitoring, thanks to significant improvement revisiting time (up ~3 days). In this study, daytime approach investigation (DAFI), recently developed identifying, mapping monitoring GF sites on...

Radio-frequency interference (RFI) is increasingly a severe problem for present and future microwave satellite missions. RFI at C- X-bands can contaminate remotely sensed measurements, as experienced with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) WindSat sensor. In this work, multitemporal Robust Satellite Techniques approach has been implemented on C-band AMSR-E data in order to identify areas systematically affected by different levels of RFI, trying discriminate them from...

In the evening of 20 March 2010, after about two centuries quiescence, an effusive eruption took place at Eyjafjöll (Iceland) volcano, from a small vent localized on northeast flank (Fimmvörduháls Pass) volcano edifice. On 31 March, new eruptive fissure opened same region emitting lava. About 2 weeks later, 14 April, strong explosive under Eyjafjallajökull glacier, injecting copious amounts ash in atmosphere and causing unprecedented air traffic disruption Northern Central Europe. this...

Timely and continuous information about flood spatiotemporal evolution are fundamental to ensure an effective implementation of the relief rescue operations in case inundation events. In this framework, satellite remote sensing may provide a valuable contribution provided that robust data analysis methods implemented suitable data, terms spatial, spectral temporal resolutions, employed. paper, Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) approach, satellite-based differential already applied at...

River discharge is an important quantity of the hydrologic cycle because it essential for both scientific and operational applications related to water resources management flood risk prevention. Streamflow measurements are sparse few sites along natural channels and, hence, they not able detect adequately complexity variation in surface systems. Therefore, recent years, possibility obtain river estimates through remote sensing monitoring has received a great interest. In this context,...

Timely and frequently updated information about flood-affected areas their space-time evolution are often crucial in order to correctly manage the emergency phases. In such a context, optical data provided by meteorological satellites, offering highest available temporal resolution (from hours minutes), could have great potential. As cloud cover occurs reducing number of usable satellite images, an appropriate integration observations coming from different systems will surely improve...

The RST (Robust Satellite Techniques)-FLARE algorithm is a satellite-based method using multitemporal statistical analysis of nighttime infrared signals strictly related to industrial hotspots, such as gas flares. was designed for both identifying and characterizing flares in terms radiant/emissive power. Val d’Agri Oil Center (COVA) oil pre-treatment plant operating about two decades within an anthropized area Basilicata region (southern Italy) where it represents significant potential...

Soil Moisture (SM), being one of the main variables within system that controls hydrological interactions among soil, vegetation and atmosphere, plays a key role in water cycle. Satellite systems, both active passive, have already demonstrated their capability to provide reliable SM measurements. The European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, launched November 2009, was first specific satellite mission. In this work we assessed SMOS data accurately capture dynamics over long...

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSRE) on Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua was able to acquire global microwave data for nearly nine years, from June 2002 October 2011. During its operational phase, the main problem of quality due Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), which contaminated acquired at C- and, with less relevance, X-bands. In this work, multi-temporal Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) approach has been applied automatically identify areas systematically affected by...

Abstract. In this paper the Robust Satellite Techniques (RST), a multi-temporal scheme of satellite data analysis, was implemented to analyze flaring activity largest Italian gas and oil pre-treatment plant (i.e. Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi – ENI Val d'Agri Oil Center COVA). For site, located in an anthropized area characterized by a~large environmental complexity, emissions are mainly related emergency conditions waste flaring), being industrial process regulated strict regional laws. With...

Optical sensors aboard meteorological satellites are an excellent tool to monitor floods and support the flood risk management cycle, mainly thanks their high temporal resolution, which allow us obtain real time frequently updated information on environmental changes. The RST (Robust Satellite Techniques) approach, automatic change detection scheme, has been already applied using AVHRR (Advanced very High Resolution Radiometer) MODIS (Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer) data detect flooded...

An optimized configuration of the Robust Satellite Technique (RST) approach was developed within framework ‘LAVA’ project. This project is funded by Italian Department Civil Protection and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, with aim to improve effectiveness satellite monitoring thermal volcanic activity. improved RST configuration, named RSTVOLC, has recently been implemented in an automatic processing chain that detect hot-spots near real-time for volcanoes. study presents...

The use of remote sensing in the context Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has progressively become an official method to support European (EU) Member States carrying out controls about declarations farmers requiring EU subsidies agriculture.Reliable automatic or semi-automatic methodologies aiming at crop identification are still being developed and only technique, which is officially accepted CAP context, remains photo interpretation high/very high (satellite aerial) orthoimages. To verify...

Timely and continuous information about flood dynamics are fundamental to ensure an effective implementation of the relief rescue operations. Satellite data provided by optical sensors onboard meteorological satellites could have great potential in this framework, offering adequate trade-off between spatial temporal resolution. The latest would benefit from integration observations coming different satellite systems, also helping increase probability finding cloud free images over...

The increasingly intensive use of natural resources with consequent environmental impacts has generated numerous social conflicts over the years, for whose solution it is necessary to build up an innovative territorial governance model based on sustainable and resilience thinking. At international level, problems associated oil gas extraction activities have been tackled by recognizing scientific research as a strategic role aimed at guaranteeing more in-depth knowledge issues, creation...