Abstract This paper deals with a biorefinery classification approach developed within International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 42. Since production of transportation biofuels is seen as the driving force for future developments, selection most interesting until 2020 based on their characteristics to be mixed gasoline, diesel and natural gas, reflecting main advantage using already‐existing infrastructure easier market introduction. relies four features: (1) platforms; (2) products;...

Eight rapid Poly R-478 dye-decolorizing isolates from The Netherlands were screened in this study for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) supplied at 10 mg liter(-1). Several well-known ligninolytic culture collection strains, Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767, Trametes versicolor Paprican 52, and Bjerkandera adusta CBS 595.78 tested parallel. All strains significantly removed anthracene, nine benzo(a)pyrene beyond limited losses observed sterile liquid...

The electrocatalytic conversion of furanic compounds, i.e. mainly furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, has recently emerged as a potentially scalable technology for both oxidation hydrogenation processes because its highly valuable products. However, practical application in industry is currently limited by low catalytic activity product selectivity. Thus, better understanding the reactions well strategy catalyst design can bring solutions complete selective into desired In this...

The concept of time stability as defined by Vachaud et al. (1985) is expanded to include general linear transformations in and account for the occurrence spatial scale dependency. Time described temporal persistence a pattern evaluated using correlation analysis successive measurement dates. Spatial coherency suggested method examining function scale. was used examine soil water storage (0–1.7 m) measured every 10 m 720‐m‐long transect drying recharge events. Soil altered at small scales...

Abstract The reactivity and physicochemical properties of lignins are partly governed by their molar mass distribution. development reliable standard methods for determination the distribution is not only relevant designing technical specific applications, but also monitoring elucidating delignification pulping processes. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) offers many advantages, such as wide availability, short analysis time, low sample demand, over a range. A collaborative study has been...

Abstract Around the world, significant able steps are being taken to move from today's fossil‐based economy a more sustainable based on biomass. A key factor in realization of successful bio‐based will be development biorefinery systems allowing highly efficient and cost‐effective processing biological feedstocks range products, integration into existing infrastructure. The recent climb oil prices consumer demand for environmentally friendly products has now opened new windows opportunity...

Chemical conversions have been a cornerstone of industrial revolution and societal progress. Continuing this progress in resource constrained world poses critical challenge which demands the development innovative chemical processes to meet our energy material needs sustainable way. This forms basis for article. We report method quick preliminary assessment at laboratory stage. The proposed enables review within broader sustainability context. It is inspired by green chemistry principles,...

137 Cs from the atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in 1950s and 1960s was used to estimate soil erosion eight small basins hummocky topography. Three had not been cultivated since these showed little or no separation according landscape position. In basins, increased top bottom slopes reflecting simultaneous occurrence on upper deposition lower slopes. The redistribution least a basin where water minimal. From it estimated that over past 20–25 yr lost 20–60 kg soil/m 2 , whereas gained...

Abstract Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) or other species, such as 2,5‐dimethylfuran, on solid metal electrodes in neutral media is addressed, both the absence and presence glucose. The reaction studied by combining voltammetry with on‐line product analysis using HPLC, which provides qualitative quantitative information about products a function electrode potential. Three groups catalysts show different selectivity towards:...

Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is an emergent biobased polyester whose chemical structure analogous to poly(ethylene terephthalate). Pilot‐scale PEF synthesized through the direct esterification process from 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and bio‐ethylene glycol. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements reveal similar crystallinities unit cell structures for melt‐crystallized glass‐crystallized samples. The non‐isothermal crystallization of sample investigated by means DSC...

Abstract 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is considered an important building block for future bio‐based chemicals. Here, we present experimental study using different ketoses (fructose, sorbose, tagatose) and aldoses (glucose, mannose, galactose) under aqueous acidic conditions (65 g L −1 substrate, 100–160 °C, 33–300 m M H 2 SO 4 ) to gain insights into reaction pathways hexose dehydration HMF. Both rates HMF selectivities were significantly higher than aldoses, which in line with literature....

Focus on humins, a co-product from sugar conversion, to highlight their capacity impregnate wood cell walls for making durable products.

White-rot fungi have a versatile machinery of enzymes which work in harmony with secondary aryl alcohol metabolites to degrade the recalcitrant, aromatic biopolymer lignin. This review will focus on important physiological roles (veratryl, anisyl and chlorinated anisyl) alcohols ligninolytic enzyme system. Their functions include stabilization lignin peroxidase, charge-transfer reactions as substrate for oxidases generating extracellular H202. The alcohol/aldehyde couple is well protected...

Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase was purified 32-fold from Penicillium simplicissimum, grown on veratryl alcohol as its sole source of carbon and energy. SDS/PAGE the enzyme reveals a single fluorescent band 65 kDa. Gel filtration sedimentation-velocity experiments indicate that exists in solution an octamer, containing 1 molecule flavin/subunit. The covalently bound prosthetic group identified 8 alpha-(N3-histidyl)-FAD pH-dependent fluorescence quenching (pKa = 4.85) no decrease upon reduction with...