Solar cell equivalent circuit modelling is usually based on continuous I-V models, with a set of data obtained by analytical expressions. This work proposes an almost discrete novel mathematical method and correspondent electrical model, the curve adjustment at every two adjacent points. It discretisation any diode model behaviour, such as 1M5P (also known 1D5P) or 1M7P 2D7P). For this reason, named d1MxP, meaning that it (d) (1M) x parameters (xP). The methodology validation process uses...

The excitation of folded-zone longitudinal acoustic phonons in a-Si:H--a-${\mathrm{SiN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:H periodic multilayer structures is observed by Raman scattering. energies the two lowest folded phonon branches followed varying lattice period and laser frequency. data are quantitatively explained a description elastic continuum limit.

This paper performs an investigation on the application of well-known Particle Swarm Optimization based algorithms for clustering tasks, namely, PSOClustering, Hybrid PSOClustering with K-means and Clustering. The case study is to tackle a significant problem related grouping students on-line educational database, aiming increase their learning process through recommendation specific grammar lessons. performed type, number errors done by students. results show that algorithm can achieve best...

This paper describes an energy harvesting system composed of organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) connected to a DC-DC converter, designed in 130 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, with quasi- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm maximize the efficiency, for indoor applications. OPVs are emerging technology potential low cost light harvesting. The OPV current-voltage curves (I-V) under irradiance solar simulator Oriel Sol 3A, at room temperature, obtained and...

Renewable energies are increasingly playing an important role in the world's energy supply. Society demands new solutions to solve environmental issues caused by fossil fuels. The importance of photovoltaic technology has been increasing and consequently, necessity have more accurate models characterise performance solar cells during their entire lifetime rose as well. Performance problems may appear devices' lifetimes associated with factors, such weather conditions or faulty installation....

The performance of photovoltaic solar cells is usually analyzed using continuous models, for instance, 1M5P. I-V and P-V curves are fitted by a mathematical expression from the electrical model. In case 1M5P, characteristics five parameters that obtained small number points wider set data, keeping curve shape given A novel model was recently proposed to overcome this issue. d1MxP based on discretization behavior diodes in models such as methodology equivalent an analytical incremental...

Rotor broken bar initially do not cause an induction motor to fail, but it can have serious secondary effects. Thus comprehension of rotor effects, and detection methods is useful for the safety drive. Effort researchers ensure complex models with capability describe bars these help detect bar. Use variable speed drives allow exploit model based method. This paper proposes use a simply that allows evaluate effects be exploited fault or even control. Detailed analysis results from simulation...

We present a technique, microscopic reflectance difference spectroscopy (μRDS), for the measurement of optical anisotropy with sub-micron resolution. The technique is applied to determination in-plane GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well structures in phase resolved way, both below and above fundamental gap. Confinement local field effects are discussed, comparison made calculations based on tight-binding Hamiltonian electronic states.

This work studies two circuit topologies to step-up the voltage supplied by an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell. Comparison and validation of proposed are accomplished throughout analytical, simulation, experimental results. Two solutions were found more suitable boost harvested OPV cell low voltage, depending on load condition: classical hard-switching converter a multilevel converter. Both circuits include drive MOSFET switch based LC oscillator at 1.2 MHz, allowing implementation...

This work presents the design of LDMOS transistors fully compatible with a standard CMOS process, only requiring mask layout manipulation. A conventional 0.35 μm process was elected to demonstrate viability approach. The prototyped transistor exhibits breakdown voltage 24 V, which represents an improvement 31% when compared high-voltage extended-drain NMOS available in library, while other static parameters remain same range. Furthermore, this solution enables integration pass-transistor, as...

This brief presents an improvement of lightly doped drain (LDD) FET based on a engineering technique-the gate-shifting. Gate-shifted LDD (GSLDD) devices were fabricated in submicron CMOS technology with no extra processing steps. Breakdown voltages the range 50 V and specific ON-resistances 2-4 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ attained.

The widespread use of single-phase induction motor has motivated a lot researchers to investigate alternatives implement drive (SPIMD) system with low and high performance capability. This paper presents SPIMD by using sensorless approach. novelty helps reduce the total cost throughout elimination sensor its instrumentations. In this modelling that allows is presented. Simulation experimental results show feasibility approach

This paper describes a course in Smart Power based on the introduction of an innovative educational tool-a preprocessed integrated circuit. The methodology used to introduce students issue design, resorting low cost standard CMOS technology is presented. theoretical support envisaged provide required knowledge specify characteristics and performance most common blocks develop skills for monolithic integration. Through simulation, experimental characterization, were able experience different...

This paper presents a universal active filter for harmonic and reactive power compensation with UPS (uninterruptible supplies) features. The configurations does not use transformer in the series part. Transformerless modern systems have been rapidly replacing old technology due to their performance size attributes. Reducing numbers of passive elements and/or switches filters topologies only reduces cost whole system but also provides some other advantages, such as great compactness, smaller...

This paper presents trends on CMOS high-voltage techniques for power integrated circuits (PICs). Several fully compatible drain engineering will be presented. Experimental devices were fabricated in standard processes from three different lithography generations (2, 0.7 and 0.5 μm) without resorting to any extra processing steps. MOS layout specificity towards performance improvement, namely breakdown, parasitic effects degradation, emphasized. A recently developed technique used enlarge...

The Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is the most popular swarm-based algorithm to tackle binary optimization problems. Based on high performance of BPSO, many proposals have been developed presenting modifications in standard method. However, last decade, Cat (BCSO) has gained attention. In this paper, we introduce a new called Double-Swarm which presents some BPSO inspired BCSO process. case, propose divide agents into two sub-swarms. experiments showed that proposal overcomes...

This paper presents and discusses trade-offs of three different design techniques intended to improve the breakdown voltage n-type lateral medium power transistors be fabricated in a conventional low cost CMOS technology. A thorough analysis static dynamic characteristics modified structures was carried out with support two-dimensional device simulator. The motivation behind this work construction smart microsystem, including control, sensing protection circuitries, targeted at an electronic...

The electronic transitions and resonance-enhanced vibrational excitations of octafluorocyclopentene (c-C5F8) have been investigated using high-resolution photoabsorption spectroscopy in the energy range 6−11 eV. In addition, electron loss spectrum (HREELS) was recorded under electric dipolar excitation conditions (100 eV incident energy, ∼0° scattering angle) over 5−14 range. A He(I) photoelectron (PES) has also between 11 20 eV, allowing us to derive a more precise value (11.288 ± 0.002)...

A design methodology for monolithic integration of inductor based DC–DC converters is proposed in this paper. power loss model the stage, including drive circuits, defined order to optimize efficiency. Based on and taking as reference a 0.35 μm CMOS process, buck converter was designed fabricated. For given set operating conditions allows parameters gate-driver tapering factor width MOSFETs. Experimental results obtained from at 100 MHz switching frequency are presented validate methodology.

This paper firstly addresses smart power, discussing application areas and representative examples. An overview of the present status technologies which are used in power is then presented. Functions to enable performance ICs also addressed. Topics considered be a challenge, requiring further research efforts, discussed. Finally, capabilities standard low-cost CMOS technology, extended far beyond its usual limits perspectives innovation for implementation, targeted low or medium...

Quantum wells consisting of (In,Ga)As/GaAs and InAs/GaAs were grown on GaAs(110) by conventional molecular beam epitaxy as well migration enhanced studied low-temperature photoluminescence, atomic force microscopy transmission electron microscopy. Increasing the In mole fraction or thickness degrades structural perfection more dramatically in (110)-oriented structures than (001)-oriented ones while post-growth annealing improves optical properties. The quality (In,Ga)As is remarkably...

This paper proposes some topologies of universal active power filter for single-phase applications with reduced number components. Three transformer connected in parallel side are proposed: one which both input and output converters half-bridge the others two share a common leg, leg as other full-bridge. All configurations compensate current voltage harmonic provide factor control close to unit. The system model steady-state analysis also presented.