Abstract Assortative mating – the non-random of individuals with similar traits is known to increase trait-specific genetic variance and similarity between relatives. However, empirical evidence limited for many traits, implications hinge on whether assortative has started recently or generations ago. Here we show theoretically empirically that relatives can provide presence history mating. First, employed path analysis understand how affects family members across generations, finding...

Significance Deciphering the underlying psychology of societal attitudes and prejudices is important in times political unpredictability. We focus on foundational construct preference for (or against) hierarchies between groups, as reflected 2 subdimensions social dominance orientation (SDO). Studying SDO with a large-sample twin design, we show that both its sub-dimensions are heritable, share common genetic influences, overlap genetically 6 serve to enhance versus attenuate hierarchy. This...

The positive relation between mental health and educational attainment is well-established, yet the extent to which cognitive abilities influence this gradient or independently predict outcomes remains unclear. In study, we investigated association adolescent abilities, attainment, adult health. Cognitive ability was ascertained in Norwegian military conscript test data (N = 272,351; mean age 17.8 years; males only), whereas disorders were using register of primary care diagnoses received...

The positive relation between mental health and educational attainment is well-established, yet the extent to which cognitive abilities influence this gradient or independently predict outcomes remains unclear. In study, we investigated association adolescent abilities, attainment, adult health. Cognitive ability was ascertained in Norwegian military conscript test data (N = 272,351; mean age 17.8 years; males only), whereas disorders were using register of primary care diagnoses received...

The positive relation between mental health and educational attainment is well-established, yet the extent to which cognitive abilities influence this gradient or independently predict outcomes remains unclear. In study, we investigated association adolescent abilities, attainment, adult health. Cognitive ability was ascertained in Norwegian military conscript test data (N = 272,351; mean age 17.8 years; males only), whereas disorders were using register of primary care diagnoses received...

Political attitudes are predicted by the key ideological variables of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), as well some Big Five personality traits. Past research indicates that traits correlated for genetic reasons. A question has yet to be tested concerns whether variation underlying RWA SDO distinct contributions political attitudes, or if in is subsumed under standard

Abstract Background We investigate if covariation between parental and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors can be explained by environmental and/or genetic transmission. Methods employed a large children-of-twins-and-siblings sample ( N = 22 276 parents 11 566 8-year-old children) of the Norwegian Mother, Father Child Cohort Study. This enabled us to disentangle intergenerational influences via genes (i.e. transmission, respectively). Fathers reported on their own...

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired school performance, but the impact of ADHD may vary across sex, family background, and subjects. By using prospective population-wide register data, we describe impairment in academic performance related to different subjects investigate how this differ sex parental education.

Abstract Assortative mating – the non-random of individuals with similar traits is known to increase trait-specific genetic variance and similarity between relatives. However, empirical evidence limited for many traits, implications hinge on whether assortative has started recently or generations ago. Here we show theoretically empirically that relatives can provide presence history mating. First, employed path analysis understand how affects family members across generations, finding...

A rising prevalence of adolescent mental disorders in the Western world has been widely reported, raising concerns for development and well-being. Mental are known to negatively impact educational performance. Yet it remains uncertain whether relationship between outcomes also changed over time if change is more pronounced among high compared low performing students. The aims this paper (1) describe common adolescence; (2) determine differs students; (3) assess associations health...

Parents play a crucial role in children's lives. Despite high prevalences of anxiety and depression, we do not know how these disorders among parents associate with child school performance Norway. We use regression models to estimate associations between parental mental performance, while adjusting for some social genetic confounders. Parental depression were assessed from administrative registers government funded health service consultations all individuals Norway children born 1992 2002....

Injustice typically involves some people benefitting at the expense of others. An opportunist might then be selectively motivated to amend only injustice that is harmful them, while someone more principled would respond consistently regardless whether they stand gain or lose. Here, we disentangle such and opportunistic motives towards injustice. With a sample 312 monozygotic- 298 dizygotic twin pairs (N = 1220), measured people's propensity perceive as victims, observers, beneficiaries,...

Social stress and inflammatory processes are strong regulators of one another. Considerable evidence shows that social threats trigger responses increase infection susceptibility in both humans animals, while infectious disease triggers inflammation turn regulates behaviours. However, no previous study has examined whether young children's popularity their rate associated. We investigated the longitudinal bidirectional links between status as perceived by peers, parent reports a variety...

In this chapter we critique evolutionary-developmental explanations of variation and covariation in psychological traits, with special emphasis on ‘life history theory’. We argue that findings from behavioral genetics developmental biology provides evidence large proportions individual differences traits are caused by genes, intrinsic randomness (and environmental damage) during embryo development. Further, genetic suggest between can often be attributed to processes—such as pleiotropy...

While it is well-established that education and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) are quite strongly negatively correlated, still unclear why this the case. There could be causal effects between these variables, in one or both directions, which can either direct mediated. And there also confounding third variables influencing their association. Using a sample of 320 monozygotic- 312 dizygotic twin pairs, we were able to control for influences from genes family-environment, increasing our...

A foundational question in the social sciences concerns interplayof underlying causes formation of people’s politicalbeliefs and prejudices. What role, if any, do genes, environmentalinfluences, or personality dispositions play? Social DominanceOrientation (SDO), an influential index general attitudestoward intergroup hierarchy, correlates robustly with politicalbeliefs. SDO consists sub-dimensions SDO-Dominance(SDO-D), which is desire people have for some groups to beactively oppressed by...

One of the most robust findings in political psychology is that and prejudicial attitudes are predicted by right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), some Big Five personality traits. An unresolved question whether RWA SDO form a functional package traits independent common variation, or they fully underpinned it. We use genetically informative data from sample 1987 Norwegian twins to shed light on this question, revealing moderately phenotypically correlated, but...

Abstract The attachment and caregiving domains maintain proximity care-giving behavior between parents offspring, in a way that has been argued to shape people’s mental models of how relationships work, resulting secure, anxious or avoidant interpersonal styles adulthood. Several theorists have suggested the system is closely connected orientations behaviors social political domains, which should be grounded same set familial experiences as are different styles. We use sample Norwegian twins...

The positive relation between mental health and educational attainment is well-established, yet the extent to which cognitive abilities influence this gradient or independently predict outcomes remains unclear. In study, we investigated association adolescent abilities, attainment, adult health. Cognitive ability was ascertained in Norwegian military conscript test data (N = 272,351; mean age 17.8 years; males only), whereas disorders were using register of primary care diagnoses received...

Background: Lower parental income is associated with more psychiatric disorders among offspring, but it unclear if this association reflects effects of (social causation) or shared risk factors selection). Prior research finds contradictory results, which may be due to age differences between the studied offspring. Methods: Here, we entire Norwegian population aged 10 40 2006 and 2018 (N = 2,468,503). By linking tax registries administrative health registries, describe prevalence rates by...