Recent Canadian immigrants have increasing education levels but decreasing earnings, partly due to the devaluation of foreign and work experience. This study uses 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey data examines value attributed for based on their duration stay in Canada, which proves be an important methodological distinction. Immigrants from developing countries experience most acute devaluation. The findings outline limitations human capital theory explaining labor market implications current...

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue in India; however, the optimal growth pattern for such infants not clear. purpose this study to understand causal association between LBW and stunting preschool children India. Methods: National Family Health Survey-4 large cross-sectional survey based on nationally representative sample 699,686 women age group 15−49 years was conducted during 2015−2016 used children’s file with 259,002 0−59 months...

This paper evaluates the role of female sex worker (FSW) collectives in state Karnataka, India, regarding their facilitating effect increasing knowledge and promoting change towards safer sexual behaviour. In 2002 a state-wide survey FSWs was administered to stratified sample 1,512 women. Following survey, collectivization index developed measure degree involvement collective-related activities. The results indicate that higher associated with increased reported condom use. Reported use...

The paper investigates whether past declines in mortality could have created a huge deficit of eligible men the marriage market, and ensuing competition for mates be responsible coercive character dowry system has assumed India. New indices been developed to measure trends bridegroom availability that aid inquiry into demographic origins squeeze. It is contended squeeze against women was particularly intense India because decline, addition age structural changes, drastically reduced number...

To assess the HIV risk behaviours of male migrant contracted and non-contracted labourers in India to understand role contract labour systems for use prevention efforts.Cross-sectional surveys (N = 11 219) were conducted with workers, aged 18-49 years from 21 districts four high prevalence states India. Analyses involved data subsample (n 3880; 35% total sample) sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms further comparisons labourers.Contracted are largely young; 70% between ages 18 29...

This paper examines the relationship between indicators of mobility, socio-economic vulnerabilities, and HIV risk behaviours among 5,498 mobile female sex workers (FSWs) living in four high prevalence states India. Female with greater degree mobility reported significantly more often than FSWs lesser that they experienced physical violence, consumed alcohol prior to sex. Further, had inconsistent condom use clients, even after controlling for several demographic characteristics...

Studies of the economic status recent immigrants to United States have questioned generalizability some earlier findings based on assimilation theory. In Canada, however, little research has been done this issue, and that left mixed results. The present study attempts address performance in Canada through an examination their poverty status. This is particularly important now because, since late 1980s, many industrial nations including subjected unexpected surge known as ‘new poverty.'...

Background We examine the extent to which an existing sex work typology captures human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in Karnataka and propose a systematic approach for devising evidence-based typologies. Methods The proposed has four stages: (i) identifying main places of solicitation sex; (ii) constructing possible typologies based on either or both these criteria; (iii) analysing variations indicators risk, such as HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence client volume,...

There is a widespread assumption in Northern Karnataka, India that HIV transmission due to the large volume of male seasonal labour out-migration. In order examine this issue, an ethnographic study was conducted one Karnataka districts using combination quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings indicate migration does not seem be key factor affecting sexual behaviour among married men. Nearly 35% migrant men reported being involved extramarital sex 40% unmarried were premarital sex....

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determinants of HIV infection in general population Bagalkot district, a largely rural district southern Indian state Karnataka. Methods: Approximately 6700 individuals aged 15–49 years were randomly sampled from 10 villages six towns, three Bagalkot's sub-districts. Each consenting respondent was administered questionnaire, followed by blood collection testing for HIV, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) on 25% sub-sample. Results: 2.9%...

Summary This paper assesses the reasons for entry into sex work and its association with HIV risk behaviours among mobile female workers (FSWs) in India. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted 22 districts across four high prevalence states India during 2007–2008. Analyses limited to 5498 eligible FSWs. The given by FSWs entering associations socio-demographic characteristics assessed. Reported include poor or deprived economic conditions; negative social circumstances...

To examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in a high-HIV-prevalence district India, we used data from cross-sectional survey conducted recently among randomly selected married HIV-positive women, 15–29 years of age. Overall, 88% respondents experienced family community. Factors associated with differed the community contexts. Higher age gap between spouses poor household status were significant explaining husbands. Older husband lower economic significantly increased husbands' as...

To describe the sexual structure, including numbers and distribution of female sex workers (FSWs) male behaviours in Bagalkot district state Karnataka south India.Village health peer educators enumerated FSWs each village by interviewing key informants FSWs. Urban FSW populations were estimated using systematic interviews with to identify work sites then validating at site. Male measured through confidential polling booth surveys randomly selected villages. HIV prevalence was a...

With the evolution of Health Belief Model, risk perception has been identified as one several core components public health interventions. While female sex workers (FSWs) in India continue to be at most acquiring and transmitting HIV, little is known about their towards HIV how this depends upon history consistent condom use behavior with different type partners. The objective study fill gap literature by examining relationship among mobile FSWs southern India.We analyzed data for 5,413 from...

To describe adolescents' eating patterns of traditional, global/non-local and mixed foods, the factors that may influence food consumption, access preferences, in a globalizing city.A representative sample school-going adolescents completed cross-sectional survey including an FFQ designed to identify traditional global foods. Student's t test ordinal logistic regression were used examine weekly intake, differences between boys girls attending private public schools.Vijayapura city, Karnataka...

À partir des données recensements canadiens de 1991 et 1996, nous penchons sur la question immigrants pauvres à faible revenu, un sujet très peu traité dans les travaux recherche précédents l'immigration. Comparativement aux Canadiens souche, sont constamment surreprésentés classe pauvres. Cette surreprésentation comporte une orientation ethnique raciale claire: appartenant minorités visibles vivant pires conditions. Les modèles régression logis‐tique révèlent que, leur cas, chances d'être...

Objective . To examine the reproductive health practices of female sex workers (FSWs) in context an HIV prevention program Karnataka, India. Methods Data obtained from a survey 1,011 FSWs registered with program. We examined indicators, and performed multivariate logistic regression among primiparous to assess work during pregnancy antenatal testing. Results Among (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...