CYCD3;1 expression in Arabidopsis is associated with proliferating tissues such as meristems and developing leaves but not differentiated tissues. Constitutive overexpression of increases CYCD3;1-associated kinase activity reduces the proportion cells G1-phase cell cycle. Moreover, leads to striking alterations development. Leaf architecture overexpressing plants altered radically, a failure develop distinct spongy palisade mesophyll layers. Associated this, we observe hyperproliferation...

Current understanding of the integration cell division and expansion in development plant lateral organs such as leaves is limited. Cell number established during a mitotic phase, subsequent growth into mature organ relies primarily on accompanied by endocycles. Here we show that three Arabidopsis cyclin D3 (CYCD3) genes are expressed overlapping but distinct patterns developing shoot meristem. Triple loss-of-function mutants CYCD3 function essential neither for cycle nor morphogenesis....

Seeds provide survival and dispersal capabilities by protecting the dormant mature plant embryo. Germination resumption of development under favourable conditions requires reinitiation cell growth division through poorly understood processes. Here we show that four phases activation during germination in Arabidopsis are related to external morphological changes. Cell initiates root apical meristem (RAM) before protrusion, followed sequential cotyledons, shoot (SAM), secondary meristems....

In Arabidopsis, the central stem cells of shoot apical meristem (SAM) are indefinitely maintained, whereas those in floral meristems differentiate into female gametophyte-bearing organs termed carpels. The class 1 KNOX genes encode homeodomain transcription factors that function variously establishment and maintenance SAM, have also been implicated carpel development. Here we show gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) induces formation promotes homeotic conversion ovules to carpels when ectopically...

Summary The A rabidopsis class‐1 KNOX gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS ( STM ) encodes a homeodomain transcription factor essential for shoot apical meristem SAM formation and sustained activity. activates cytokinin CK biosynthesis in the , but extent to which function is mediated through unclear. Here we show that inhibits cellular differentiation endoreduplication, acting ‐inducible CYCD 3 cell cycle regulators, establishing mechanistic link control provides mitotic activity maintain pool of...

We have begun the molecular characterization of genes encoding napin, 1.7 S embryo-specific storage protein Brassica napus.Genomic Southern blot analysis indicates that napin is encoded by a multigene family comprised minimum 16 genes.Two DNA fragments containing single been recovered from B. napus genomic libraries.We determined nucleotide sequence one member gene family, gNa.The has simple structure lacking introns and canonical features expected for transcribed RNA polymerase 11.The site...

The Activator (Ac) element of maize is active at a low frequency in Arabidopsis. To determine whether this due to poor expression the Ac transposase gene, we obtained and studied 19 Arabidopsis transformants containing fusions octopine synthase (ocs), nopaline (nos), cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S, or promoters open reading frame. These were examined both for their ability drive excision Dissociation (Ds) from streptomycin resistance gene abundance mRNA. Most CaMV 35S fusion have high...

Root cell division occurs primarily in the apical meristem, from which cells are displaced into basal where decreases and length increases before final differentiation zone. The organization of root concentric files implies coordinated types, including xylem pole pericycle cells, uniquely can resume to initiate lateral roots (LR). Here, we show that D-type cyclin CYCD4;1 is expressed meristematic protoxylem poles required for normal LR density. Cycd4;1 mutants also a displacement...

Plants have a distinctive mode of continuous development, involving the repeated initiation and growth new organs throughout lifespan organism. Their sessile nature means that this must be responsive not only to developmental cues but also changes in prevailing conditions. Since almost all ultimately derives from process cell division, control cycle is at heart understanding patterning, growth, development plants. The unique features plant are reflected distinct modes molecular mechanisms...

The Arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) is crucial for shoot apical meristem (SAM) function, yet the components and structure of STM gene regulatory network (GRN) are largely unknown. Here, we show that transcriptional regulators overrepresented among STM-regulated genes and, using these as GRN in Bayesian analysis, infer associations reveal relationships between factors involved multiple aspects SAM function. These include hormone regulation, TCP-mediated...

The Arabidopsis KNOX gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) is required for both the development and sustained function of shoot apical meristem (SAM) can induce de novo formation when expressed ectopically. STM acts through induction cytokinin (CK) synthesis to inhibit cellular differentiation additionally functions organize undifferentiated cells into a self-sustaining meristem. has been shown positively regulate related genes KNAT1/BP KNAT2, it proposed that this mediated repression ARP-type...

During plant epidermal development, many cell types are generated from protodermal cells, a process requiring complex co-ordination of division, growth, endoreduplication and the acquisition differentiated cellular morphologies. Here we show that Arabidopsis phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 (DEK1) promotes state. Plants with reduced DEK1 activity produce cotyledon epidermis characteristics, despite showing normal growth endoreduplication. Furthermore, in non-embryonic tissues (true leaves,...

To explore the effects of altering level Activator (Ac) transposase (TPase) expression, a series plasmids was constructed in which heterologous promoters were fused to TPase gene. Promoters for cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript and octopine synthase (ocs) nopaline (nos) genes tested. These fusions, constructs expressing from wild-type Ac promoter, introduced into tobacco, their activity monitored by crossing line carrying Dissociation (Ds) streptomycin phosphotransferase gene...

Abstract The Arabidopsis Knotted1 -like homeobox ( KNOX ) gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS STM encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that operates as central component of the regulatory network (GRN) controlling shoot apical meristem formation and maintenance. It regulates expression target genes include transcriptional regulators associated with function, particularly those involved in pluripotency cellular differentiation, well hormone metabolism signaling. Previous studies have identified...

The Arabidopsis class-1 KNOX genes STM, BP/KNAT1, KNAT2 and KNAT6 encode homeodomain transcriptional regulators important for shoot apical meristem (SAM) carpel development. During vegetative growth, STM is required to establish maintain the stem cell pool of SAM, a function replaceable by ectopic expression BP/KNAT1 but not other genes. We recently demonstrated additional roles in development central floral whorl subsequent formation carpels, expression. However, normally expression,...

Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) the third most important oil crop globally. Although regulation lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds still not fully defined, acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved such metabolism, including accumulation, several plant species. In this study, progressive changes gene expression embryos seed coats at different stages development were comprehensively investigated by...

Abstract Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) is an important crop that cultivated for the oil (mainly triacylglycerol; TAG) it produces in its seeds. TAG synthesis controlled mainly by key enzymes Kennedy pathway, such as glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophosphatidate (LPAT) and diacylglycerol (DGAT) but can also be produced from phosphoglycerides phosphatidylcholine (PC) activity of enzyme phospholipid: (PDAT). To evaluate potential these to alter yields or composition, we...