Emergent and submerged vegetation can significantly affect coastal hydrodynamics. However, most deterministic numerical models do not take into account their influence on currents, waves, turbulence. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a wave-flow-vegetation module Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system that includes flow model (ROMS) wave (SWAN), illustrate various interacting processes using an idealized shallow basin application. The has...

Assessing wetland vulnerability to chronic and episodic physical drivers is fundamental for establishing restoration priorities. We synthesized multiple data sets from E.B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, establish a metric that integrates range of processes, anthropogenic impact physical/biophysical features. The geospatial are based on aerial imagery, remote sensing, regulatory information, hydrodynamic modeling; include elevation, tidal range, unvegetated vegetated marsh...

A compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver (OVERTURNS) is used to perform high-fidelity CFD simulations of the S-76 rotor test cases. Parameters such as thrust and power coefficient, spanwise loading distributions well pressure profiles vorticity magnitude are plotted. The computational domain consists a C-O topology structured blade mesh cylindrical background for wake capturing. run range collective pitch values. In addition, case 10◦ studied in greater details by...

Salt marshes are dynamic biogeomorphic systems that respond to external physical factors, including tides, sediment transport, and waves, as well internal processes such autochthonous soil formation. Predicting the fate of requires a modeling framework accounts for these in coupled fashion. In this study, we implement two new marsh 3-D COAWST (coupled-ocean-atmosphere-wave transport) model. The added erosion edge scarp caused by lateral wave thrust from surface waves vertical accretion...

Abstract Physical processes driving barrier island change during storms are important to understand mitigate coastal hazards and evaluate conceptual models for evolution. Spatial variations in topography, landcover characteristics, nearshore back‐barrier hydrodynamics can yield complex morphological that requires of increasing resolution physical complexity predict. Using the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system, we investigated two breaches occurred on...

A compressible, structured, overset Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based solver is used to simulate a microhovering rotor in ground effect demonstrate the capability of code provide accurate tip-vortex-flowfield predictions, and good understanding ground–wake interactions conditions prevalent helicopter brownout. The performance validation at different heights above shows correlation with experimental thrust power measurements. detailed comparison predicted tip-vortex flowfield agreement...

Abstract The valuable ecosystem services of salt marshes are spurring marsh restoration projects around the world. However, it is difficult to determine final vegetated area based on physical drivers. Herein, we use a 3D fully coupled vegetation‐hydrodynamic‐morphological modeling system simulate vegetation cover and timescale reach under various forcing conditions. Marsh development in our simulations can be divided three distinctive phases: A preparation phase characterized by sediment...

Abstract. Coastal hydrodynamics can be greatly affected by the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation. The effect vegetation has been incorporated into Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system. implementation includes plant-induced three-dimensional drag, in-canopy wave-induced streaming, and production turbulent kinetic energy In this study, we evaluate sensitivity flow wave dynamics to parameters using Sobol' indices a least squares polynomial approach...

The numerical simulation of estuarine dynamics requires accurate prediction for the transport tracers, such as temperature and salinity. During these processes, all models introduce two kinds tracer mixing: (1) by parameterizing eddy diffusivity through turbulence leading to a source physical mixing (2) discretization advection term that leads mixing. Physical both vary with choice horizontal schemes, grid resolution, time step. By simulating four idealized cases, this study compares three...

Abstract The salinity structure in an estuary is controlled by time‐dependent mixing processes. However, the locations and temporal variability of where significant occurs not well‐understood. Here we utilize a tracer variance approach to demonstrate spatial Hudson River Estuary. We run 4‐month hydrodynamic simulation tides, currents, that captures spring‐neap tidal as well wind‐driven freshwater flow events. On time scale, dissipation (mixing) predominantly during transition from neap...

Abstract Salt marshes are valuable ecosystems that must trap sediments and accrete in order to counteract the deleterious effect of sea level rise. Previous studies have shown capacity build up vertically depends on both autogenous exogenous processes including ecogeomorphic feedbacks sediment supply from in‐land coastal ocean. There been numerous efforts quantify role played by coming marsh edge erosion resistance salt However, majority existing investigating interplay between lateral...

Recent studies have shown significant sea surface salinity (SSS) changes at scales ranging from regional to global. In this study, we estimate global means and trends using historical (1950–2014) SSS data the UK Met Office Hadley Centre objectively analyzed monthly fields recent SMOS satellite (2010–2014). We separate different components (regimes) of by fitting a Gaussian Mixture Model expectation–maximization distinguish data. The procedure uses non-subjective method (Bayesian information...

The shoaling transformation from generally linear deep-water waves to asymmetric shallow-water modifies wave shapes and causes near-bed orbital velocities become asymmetrical, contributing net sediment transport. In this work, we used two methods estimate the shape data at three sites. first method converted measurements made surface idealized near-bottom wave-orbital using a set of empirical equations: “parameterized” waveforms. second involved direct pressure near seabed: “direct”...

An accurate prediction of the tip vortex flowfield is required to understand viscous interactions rotor wake and ground prevalent during helicopter brownout. To achieve this goal, a compressible, structured, overset Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based solver used simulate subscale in effect. Novel mesh-gridding techniques are avoid prohibitive computational costs. The Navier–Stokes equations solved with Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model show that smeared-out at an early ages due excessive...

A hybrid methodology combining the capabilities of a high-fidelity RANS solver with free-wake method is used to simulate single-phase and two-phase flowfield environment beneath hovering rotor. The central idea involves usage grid based near viscous surfaces where complex phenomena like tip vortex formation, boundary layer formation/separation occur. For regions that are well separated from surfaces, filament employed. It found predictive capability this comparable full simulation...

Abstract. The coupled biophysical interactions between submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), hydrodynamics (currents and waves), sediment dynamics, nutrient cycling have long been of interest in estuarine environments. Recent observational studies addressed feedbacks SAV meadows their role modifying current velocity, sedimentation, cycling. To represent these dynamic processes a numerical model, the presence its effect on waves) dynamics was incorporated into open-source Coupled...

Abstract Salt marsh systems require a net import of inorganic sediment to maintain their structure in response sea‐level rise. Marshes are affected by physical processes including tides, waves, transport, and the influence vegetation, these interact complex ways leading accretion or erosion. We implement 3‐D hydrodynamic transport model an idealized marsh‐bay with gently sloping edge, use it as laboratory explore bed elevation change through bay‐marsh continuum. novel equadratures method for...