The aim of this study was to validate the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS‐E&R) for children youth with cerebral palsy using group consensus methods. Eighteen physical therapists participated in a nominal technique evaluate draft version 12‐ 18‐year age band. Subsequently, 30 health professionals from seven countries Delphi survey 6‐ 12‐year bands. Consensus defined as agreement question by at least 80% participants. After round 3 survey, achieved...

ContextLack of a valid classification severity cerebral palsy and the absence longitudinal data on which to base an opinion have made it difficult consider prognostic issues accurately.ObjectiveTo describe patterns gross motor development children with by severity, using observations, as basis for counseling parents planning clinical management.DesignLongitudinal cohort study palsy, stratified age function observed serially up 4 years during period from 1996 2001.SettingNineteen publicly...

The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for cerebral palsy has been widely used internationally clinical, research, and administrative purposes. This paper recounts the ideas work behind creation of GMFCS, reports on lessons learned, identifies some philosophical challenges inherent in trying to develop an ordered, valid, consistent system describe function children adolescents with developmental differences. It is hoped that these will be useful others who choose expand field...

This paper reports the construction of gross motor development curves for children and youth with cerebral palsy (CP) in order to assess whether function is lost during adolescence. We followed previously enrolled a prospective longitudinal cohort study an additional 4 years, as they entered adolescence young adulthood. The resulting dataset comprised 3455 observations 657 CP (369 males, 288 females), assessed up 10 times, at ages ranging from 16 months 21 years. Motor was using 66-item...

Physical therapists frequently use the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) with Classification System (GMFCS) to examine gross motor function in children cerebral palsy (CP). Until now, reference percentiles for this measure were not available. The aim of study was improve clinical utility by developing cross-sectional GMFM-66 within levels GMFCS.A total 1,940 measurements from 650 CP used develop percentiles. These observations taken a subsample, stratified age and GMFCS, those...

The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was developed in response to the need have a standardized system measure 'severity of movement disability' children with cerebral palsy (CP). 1 Surveillance Cerebral Palsy Europe classification ably describes primary neurological impairment, subtypes, and topography body involvement but currently includes non-standardized estimations degree functional limitation. 2 reliability other systems that ability such as 'mild', 'moderate'...

The use of measurement tools is an essential part good evidence-based practice; however, physiotherapists (PTs) are not always confident when selecting, administering, and interpreting these tools. purpose this study was to evaluate the impact a multifaceted knowledge translation intervention, using PTs as brokers (KBs) facilitate in clinical practice four designed understand motor function children with cerebral palsy (CP). KB model evaluated overcome many barriers research transfer...

In this study parents' systematic accounts of the health status 408 school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) are reported (221 males, 187 females; mean age 8 years 5 months, SD 1 year 11 months; range to 13 years), as relations between severity functional motor impairment and eight domains. Data were collected part a longitudinal development population-based, stratified, random sample CP from across Ontario, Canada. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used...

This study explored the relationships between Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), limb distribution, and type of motor impairment. Data used were collected in Ontario Growth study, a longitudinal cohort with population‐based sample children cerebral palsy (CP) Canada ( n =657; age 1 to 13 years at onset). The majority (87.8%) hemiplegia classified as level I. Children bilateral syndrome represented all GMFCS levels, most levels III, IV, V. Classifications by and‘limb...

Evidence supporting factors predicting motor change for children with cerebral palsy is minimal. A consensus exercise using focus groups and survey methods was conducted to identify perceived affect the acquisition of basic abilities among from time diagnosis 7 years age.Fifty-seven physical therapists participated in one 12 groups, 60 a follow-up questionnaire via mail.The nominal group technique used conduct groups.Participants reached about 4 constructs, which we called: (1) primary...

The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the usual mobility methods children with cerebral palsy (CP) at home, school, and outdoors or in community (2) examine whether CP are more dependent on adult assistance for certain settings. participants were a stratified random sample 636 (355 males 281 females; 2 to 12 years age, mean 6.8 SD 2.7), receiving rehabilitation services Ontario, Canada. Children grouped by age Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Among five levels...

The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the usual mobility methods children with cerebral palsy (CP) at home, school, and outdoors or in community (2) examine whether CP are more dependent on adult assistance for certain settings. participants were a stratified random sample 636 (355 males 281 females; 2 to 12 years age, mean 6.8 SD 2.7), receiving rehabilitation services Ontario, Canada. Children grouped by age Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Among five levels...

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity reliability a Pediatric Reach Test (PRT).The Functional modified incorporate side reaching in addition forward both sitting standing. Nineteen children developing typically (age 3.0 12.5 years) completed standing section PRT as well laboratory force platform tests balance. On two separate occasions, different raters evaluated 10 with cerebral palsy 2.6 14.1 sections PRT.Concurrent supported observation moderate-to-high...

To develop an algorithmic approach to identify item sets of the 66-item version Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) be administered individual children, and examine validity algorithm for obtaining a GMFM-66 score.An was used (GMFM-66-IS) using data from 95 males 79 females with cerebral palsy (CP; mean age 14y 7mo, SD 1y 8mo, range 12y 7mo 17y 8mo). The GMFM-66-IS scores were then validated combined three Dutch studies involving 134 92 CP (mean 7y, 4y 6mo, 4mo 13y 8mo), representing all...

The "gold standard" for measuring gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy is the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66).The purpose of this study was to estimate validity and reliability 2 abbreviated versions GMFM-66; one version involves an item set approach, other a basal ceiling approach.This measurement comprising concurrent validity, comparability, test-retest components.The participants were 26 who 6 years age had across all Classification System levels. In first...

The aims of this study were to describe physical therapy (PT) and occupational (OT) services for a cohort 399 children with cerebral palsy (CP), 2–6 years old, residing in the United States Canada. Parents completed questionnaire by telephone interview. Therapists classified children's Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Mean minutes per month PT OT greater receiving both an educational clinic setting. levels IV–V than level I reported that interventions focused...

Aim To compare the original normative data of A lberta I nfant M otor S cale ( AIMS ) n =2202) collected 20 years ago with a contemporary sample Canadian infants. Method This was cross‐sectional cohort study 650 C anadian infants (338 males, 312 females; mean age 30.9wks [ SD 15.5], range 2wks–18mo) assessed once on . Assessments were stratified by age, and proportionally represented ethnic diversity Canada. Logistic regression used to place items an scale representing at which 50% passed...

The purpose of this article is to describe the development a theory- and data-based model determinants motor change for children with cerebral palsy. dimensions human functioning proposed by World Health Organization, general systems theory, theories ecology, philosophical approach incorporating family-centered care provide conceptual framework model. focuses on relationships among child characteristics (eg, primary secondary impairments, personality), family ecology dynamics function),...

Purpose: To examine the clinical decision making of novice, intermediate, and expert pediatric rehabilitation therapists from various disciplines.Methods: Two qualitative studies were conducted. Thirteen took part in a study using critical incident interview technique 11 'think aloud' technique. Therapists classified as or developmental level based on cluster analysis data collected multifaceted battery assessment tools. Data analyzed grounded theory approach.Results: Expert intermediate...

The use of knowledge brokers (KBs) has been recommended as a mechanism to facilitate the research evidence in clinical practice. However, little written regarding practical implementation KB role.This article (1) describes brokering activities 24 pediatric physical therapist KBs (in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada), (2) reports KBs' perceptions utility their role experiences with process.A mixed-methods design was used this investigation, which part larger translation (KT)...

Aim The aim of this study was to test a model determinants gross motor function young children with cerebral palsy ( CP ). Method Four hundred and twenty‐nine (242 males, 187 females; mean age 3y 2mo, SD 11mo) representing all levels the G ross M otor F unction C lassification S ystem GMFCS ) participated. Children in I II III V were classified as Groups 1 2 respectively. Distribution quadriplegia, 44%; hemiplegia, 24%; diplegia, 23%; triplegia, 6%; monoplegia, 2% (data not available for...

The purpose of this study was to determine the motor control issues, learning differences, and secondary impairments children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) explore physical therapists' contribution their early management.DCD is a condition involving limitations in gross motor, postural, and/or fine performance that not attributable other neurological disorders. Manifestation varied across depends, part, on level anticipatory control, response specific task demands, ability...