This study was designed to examine whether participants who could control the schedule of performance feedback (KP) would learn differentially from those received a rigid while learning complex task. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned self-controlled KP (SELF), summary (SUMMARY), yoked (YOKE), or knowledge results only (KR) conditions. Data collection consisted an acquisition phase and 4-day retention during which right-handed performed left-handed ball throw. Overall, throwing...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether variability in gaze behavior and cortical activation would differentiate expert ( n = 12) nonexpert 13) small-bore rifle shooters. Spectral-activity eye-movement data were collected concurrently during the course a regulation indoor sequence 40 shots from standing position. Experts exhibited significantly superior shooting performance, as well longer quiet eye period preceding shot execution than did nonexperts. Additionally, expertise...

Electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence was assessed during a 4-s aiming period prior to trigger pull in expert marksmen ( n = 10) and skilled shooters 9) over the course of regulation round small-bore rifle shooting. Although both groups were highly experienced, group had lower ability. Given that specialization cortical function occurs as domain-specific expertise increases, experts predicted exhibit less cortico-cortical communication, especially between cognitive motor areas, compared...

No literature exists to document skill-related differences in shotgun shooting and whether these may be a function of eye movements control gun motion. We therefore conducted an exploratory investigation the visual search behaviors barrel kinematics used by elite subelite shooters across three subdisciplines.Point gaze were recorded groups (n = 24) participating skeet, trap, double trap events. Point was calculated relation scene, while motion captured two stationary external cameras. Quiet...

The purpose of this study was to examine the central tenets Processing Efficiency Theory (PET) in context a dual-task auto racing simulation. Participants were placed into either high or low trait-anxiety groups and required concurrently undertake driving task while responding one four target LEDs upon presentation valid an invalid cue located peripheral visual field. Eye movements performance recorded under baseline competition conditions. Anxiety induced by instructional set delivered...

Research on knowledge of results and performance has been directed toward identification the optimal schedule for administering feedback. The purpose this investigation was to assess whether a based feedback controlled by learner would be more effective means delivering than any predetermined or random schedule. Participants were randomly assigned one five conditions: (a) control group receiving no feedback, (b) 50% relative (c) summary (d) subject-controlled (e) yoked group. Data collected...

Abstract The ability to locate and identify relevant visual information is essential for skillful behavior in sport. Performers are required move the eyes around display an efficient manner extract critical using fovea, parafovea, and/or periphery. According traditional cognitive perspectives, search patterns employed by performers thought be prescribed almost a‐priori a symbolic code or knowledge map. In this article, we consider alternative theoretical framework that views as being...

We examined distraction and attentional narrowing in a dual-task auto-racing simulation. Participants were randomly assigned to six groups: control, anxiety, relevant central anxiety. Those conditions performed driving task; the other four groups identified peripheral lights addition driving. Irrelevant included conditions. anxiety exposed increasing levels of via time-to-event paradigm. In 3 sessions 20 trials, measures cognitive arousal. visual search patterns, performance recorded. At...

Advances in methodology have allowed sport psychologists to broaden their understanding of expert performance through inclusion physiological assessments expertise (e.g., eye movements and bioelectric signals such as the electroencephalogram [EEG]). Innovations linking physiology, basic cognitive processes, illustrated degree which these techniques can converge on a finer-grained factors driving learning at exceptional levels. A recent focus this research has centered coupling between visual...

Objective: We investigated brain activity in elite, expert, and novice archers during a simulated archery aiming task to determine whether neural correlates of performance differ by skill level. Background: Success shooting sports depends on complex mental routines just before the shot, when prepares execute movement. Methods: During functional magnetic resonance imaging, 40 or aimed at 70-meter-distant target pushed button they mentally released bowstring. Results: At moment optimal aiming,...

Abstract We examined the effectiveness of different cueing conditions during observational learning a soccer accuracy pass. Sixty participants (30 males, 30 females) were randomly assigned and stratified by sex into one six groups: discovery learning, verbal instruction, video model with visual cues, only. Each participant completed eight blocks 10 trials each, trial 1 2 representing practice phase (no manipulation), 3, 4, 5 6 acquisition (manipulation administered) 7 8 retention (24 h after...

The authors investigated the impact of emotion on performance a square-tracing task after participants (N = 40) were exposed to pleasant (P), unpleasant (U), and neutral (N) pictures. Physiological self-report measures indexed affective valence arousal. In Experiment 1, greater error followed exposure 4 consecutive U images than P images. Speed did not vary as function valence. 2, viewed 1 slide per trial within modified protocol. varied valence; faster relative stimuli. Accuracy between...

The aim of the current study was to determine extent which pleasant and unpleasant emotional states impact initiation forward gait. Participants initiated gait walked for several steps following presentation low arousing pleasant, high unpleasant, neutral pictures. Reaction time, displacement, velocity center pressure (COP) trajectory, length first second were calculated. Exposure highly pictures reduced reaction times compared all other affective conditions. Compared pictures, exposure...