Contemporary tourists increasingly rely on social media platforms to inform their consumption choices. Increasingly more travellers make travel choices; however, scant research explored the impacts of sudden destination popularity through media. The current study reveals how TikTok made two off-the-beaten-track destinations in Hainan (China) famous overnight. Using participant observation and interviews, this paper explores a suddenly had cope not only with overtourism but also all issues it...

The aim of this study was to conduct a geospatial analysis natural disasters occurring worldwide between 1960 and 2018. A total 9962 were considered, covering 39,953 locations. These phenomena analysed in terms frequency number determine changes over time predict future trends. data included information such as location year occurrence. following the analyses: droughts, earthquakes, extreme temperatures, floods, landslides, earth mass movements, storms, volcanic activity. analyses carried...

Existing reality has been repeatedly subjected to multifaceted and multidimensional analyses. However, alongside it, a virtual exists, populated with art, objects in games, cyber-pets, properties, collectively worth billions of real dollars. This is associated the concept 'metaverse' (a term derived from 'meta' 'universe'), signifying space that facilitates life world. quantifiable value traded on specially designed platforms. The study focuses largest these platforms, Decentraland, where...

Abstract This study explores the potential of GNSS-levelling to complement geometric levelling in state network, particularly outside main lines. The Polish network plans reduce number points from 40,000 16,000 during upcoming updates. is considered a cost-effective solution for filling gaps especially rural areas. experiment, commissioned by Head Office Geodesy and Cartography, applied accuracy criteria tested them against GNSS-levelling. goal was develop technique that an average surveying...

In the realm of real estate, each property owns a unique set characteristics that distinguish it from others. While has its own distinctive features, appraisal process prioritises only those qualities meaningfully affect value in given market context. However, dynamically evolving situation, expectations estate buyers can also transform. This study aims to explore how surrounding environment and micro-location aspects value, which deliver valuable outcomes for participants researchers. For...

Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) products, including satellite orbit and clock corrections, ionospheric tropospheric delay models, multi-frequency data, are fundamental to modern geodesy numerous scientific industrial applications. The exploitation of these products facilitates the achievement precise positioning, navigation, timing (PNT) across a diverse range fields, transportation, geodesy, agriculture, disaster management. Nevertheless, challenges remain, signal...

The primary objective of the authors was to measure deflection a bridge span using two different methods and draw conclusions from analysis results. Millennium Bridge in Wroclaw selected as test object. surveyed both classical geodetic techniques (tacheometry) static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey. Due requirements surveying methods, it necessary establish control consisting five points. Three these were located on used for displacement measurements, while other points...

The article examines the quality of reprocessed GNSS data for determination seasonal effect in a coordinates' time series. authors are looking long-term changes NEU components on basis weekly EPN solutions from years 1996–2016. This is one first such in-depth studies using long period and large number stations. Amplitude its RMS values fitting function analysed. analysis shows that there significant repeatable coordinate variations: 4.7 mm, 2.9 mm 8.3 dN, dE dU components, respectively....

This study aimed to measure and validate altitudes from existing sources with direct GNSS measurements airborne lidar data. For this purpose, 12 mountain peaks located in the south part of Polish territory were selected. Measurements performed using a receiver Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) or static techniques enabling altitude accuracy 10 cm. was treated as primary data source, field can determine highest point on each peak. The obtained results confronted historical, internet sources, official...

The main objective of this research work was to study the accuracy GNSS code receivers under poor sky visibility conditions based on measurements three different objects (point, line, and surface) additionally test results point positioning with good conditions. measurement 3 smartphones (in same mode check repeatability) 2 handheld (working in GPS+GLONASS modes). methodology RTK technique, whose coordinates were assumed as a reference. Based results, significant influence measuring vicinity...

In recent years GNSS measurements techniques obtained a majority role in civil engineering and other technical fields.An example of this is the monitoring both natural phenomena manmade constructions.The main advantages satellite positioning, as opposite to classical surveying like levelling or total stations, are continuous long term observations economic advantage, due lack measurement crew.Currently, apart from GPS, systems use GLONASS Galileo becoming more important.Together with...

This research is focused on searching for frequency and noise characteristics available GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). The authors illustrated stability a selected set of data from four different systems. For this purpose, 30-s-interval clock corrections were used the GPS weeks 1982–2034 (the entirety 2018). Firstly, phase (raw corrections) preprocessed shifts removal outliers; GLONASS satellites characterize smaller number outliers than BeiDou Galileo products. Secondly,...

Vertical displacements are traditionally measured with precise levelling, which is inherently time consuming. Rapid or even real-time height determination can be achieved by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Nevertheless, accuracy of GNSS positioning limited, and deployment a network continuously operating receivers not cost effective unless low-cost considered. In this study, we examined use geodetic-grade for static respectively. The results levelling were processed in four...

With the agricultural industry being vital for regional food safety, extreme conditions under which it operated in Ukraine during first half of 2022 has offered a unique insight on vulnerabilities supply chains as well necessity ensuring transport and logistics support grain chain using adaptive methods. During that time frame, existing infrastructure, logistics, involved materials were at risk stolen or by destroyed due to direct combat damage resulting fires. Established transportation...

Abstract Daily and weekly coordinates solutions of GNSS permanent stations operating within EPN network allows to track long-term changes caused e.g. by the local global movements tectonic plates. They are therefore an excellent tool for testing stability repeatability position. The article presents analysis selected reference based on solutions. In addition author proposes parameters approximating function assuming existence periodic, annually repeatable trend. performed also independent...

Knowledge of the GNSS satellite clock error is essential for real-time PPP and other high-rate applications in positioning. This work presents characterisation short-term stability atomic clocks depending on type reference clock. Calculations are performed by usage 1 s GPS observations IGS stations located Europe. The parameters estimated epoch using back-substitution steps. Furthermore, there a analysis selected as 2-week period. Allan deviation covering averaging intervals from 20 to 210 s.

Enačbo gibanja umetnega satelita

Tourists put their trust in maps and guidebooks they expect information within to be accurate. Unfortunately, vital can often incorrect such as the accuracy of altitude above sea level. Cartographic misrepresentations impact on tourism is focus this study. Altitude data from maps, summit signs were compared with professional measurements made by precise Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers. Findings revealed significant discrepancies reported peak altitudes ranging a few up several...

Millimetre-precise GNSS measurements may only be achieved by static relative (differential) positioning using a double-frequency receiver.This accuracy level is needed to address certain surveying and civil engineering issues.Relative are performed single-or multi-network reference station, whose depends on number of factors, such as the distance session duration, visible satellites, or ephemeris clock errors.In this work, author analyses according based different minimal elevation cut-off...

Knowledge of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) clock error is crucial in real-time precise point positioning (PPP), seismology, and many other high-rate GNSS applications. In this work, authors show characterisation atomic clock’s stability its dependency on adopted orbit type using Allan deviation with two methods averaging time. Four International Service (IGS) types were used: broadcast, ultra-rapid, rapid final orbit. The calculations made 1 Hz observations from IGS stations...

The idea to verify the height of highest peaks (summits) in Crown Polish Mountains arose after analyzing sources regarding date and method measuring these mountain peaks. Our investigations revealed that this type material is not usually available, first mention values most often noted inter-war period, occasionally before WWI (when Poland did exist as an independent state); are still use day. problem accurate measurement concerns only analyzed by authors, but also almost all worldwide....