Abstract The technology readiness level (TRL) scale was developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1970s as a standardized maturity assessment tool for use complex system development. Today, TRL assessments are used to make multimillion‐dollar decisions NASA beyond, yet anecdotal evidence suggests that there challenges associated with practice. In this paper, we systematically uncover practitioners' view, first via 19 interviews employees from seven...

The technology readiness level (TRL) scale was introduced by NASA in the 1970s as a tool for assessing maturity of technologies during complex system development. TRL data have been used to make multi-million dollar management decisions programs such NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover. This is now de facto standard assessment and oversight many industries, from power systems consumer electronics. Low TRLs associated with significantly reduced timeliness increased costs across portfolio US...

Abstract With the availability of cloud-based software, ubiquitous internet, and advanced digital modeling capabilities, a new potential has emerged to design physical products with methods previously embraced by software engineering community. One such example is pair programming, where two coders work together synchronously develop one piece code. Pair programming been shown lead higher-quality code user satisfaction. Cutting-edge collaborative computer-aided (CAD) technology affords...

Abstract Hackathons are intensive design experiences during which teams identify a problem and rapidly develop prototypes of solutions. These events offer promising venue for studying collaborative design: they naturalistic, short-term, contained, mitigate many the drawbacks traditional investigations in research. The objective this technical brief is to present describe transcript dataset conversations collected from hackathon team. includes verbal communication between four-person team...

New developments to computer-aided design (CAD) software transform a once solitary modelling task into collaborative one. The emerging multi-user CAD (MUCAD) systems allow virtual, real-time collaboration, with the potential expand learning outcomes and teaching methods of CAD. This paper proposes MUCAD framework (MUCAD-CLF) interpret backend analytic data from commercially available software. builds on several existing metrics literature introduces newly developed classify actions collected...

Computer-aided design (CAD) has become indispensable to increasingly collaborative hardware processes. Despite the long-standing and growing need for collaboration with CAD models tools, anecdotal reports ongoing researcher efforts point a complex unresolved set of challenges faced by designers when working distributed CAD. We aim close this academic-practitioner knowledge gap through first systematic study professional user-driven challenges. In work, we conduct semi-structured interviews...

Abstract The systems engineering V (SE-V) is an established process model to guide the development of complex projects (INCOSE, 2011). SE-V involves decomposition and integration system elements through a sequence tasks that produce both design its testing specifications, followed by successive levels build, integration, test activities. This paper presents method improve implementation mapping multilevel data into structure matrix (DSM) models. DSM representation methodology for identifying...

Abstract The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) method, used to assess the maturity of a technology, has been applied in different industries for over 40 years. TRLs assist engineers managing risks, communicating development progress and specifying deliverables. As have adopted more industries, original scope TRL application expanded challenges use emerged. Little is known about user community its opinions or method's practical challenges. A global industry survey, conducted with professional...

Branching is a feature of distributed version control systems that facilitates the "divide and conquer" strategy present in complex collaborative work domains. has revolutionized modern software development potential to similarly transform hardware product via CAD (computer-aided design). Yet, contrasting with its status software, branching as commercial infancy, little research exists investigate use digital design physical products. To address this knowledge gap, paper, we mine analyze 719...

Abstract We developed a new method to link designer emotions with corresponding activities while using computer-aided design (cad) software. Our employs automated facial emotion detection software and cursor tracking. applied this via an experiment nine participants, each working the same synchronously collaborative cad platform, assigned series of tasks in one two distinct styles: single participants by themselves paired together. analyzed compared trends for these styles. Pairs, on average...

The early-stage product design and development (PDD) process fundamentally involves the processing, synthesis, communication of a large amount information to make series key decisions on exploration specification, concept generation evaluation, prototyping. Although most current PDD practices depend heavily human intuition, advances in computing, communication, human–computer interaction technologies can transform processes by combining creativity ingenuity designers with speed precision...

The technology readiness level (TRL) scale was introduced by NASA in the 1970s as a tool for assessing maturity of technologies during complex system development. TRL data have been used to make multi-million dollar management decisions programs such NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover. This is now de facto standard assessment and oversight many industries, from power systems consumer electronics. Low TRLs associated with significantly reduced timeliness increased costs across portfolio US...

Abstract Enterprise social network messaging sites are becoming increasingly popular for team communication in engineering and product design. These digital platforms capture detailed messages between members of the design an appealing data set researchers who seek to better understand This exploratory study investigates whether we can use enterprise model patterns throughout process. We apply short text topic modelling (STTM) a comprising 250,000 sent by 32 teams enrolled 3-month intensive...

Abstract Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are powering the applications we use, decisions make, made about us. We have seen numerous examples of non-equitable outcomes, from facial recognition algorithms, recidivism resume reviewing when they designed without diversity in mind. As (ML) (AI) expand into more areas our lives, must take action to promote among those working this field. A critical step work is understanding why some students who choose study ML/AI later leave While...

Abstract To tackle today's toughest problems, like climate change and the threat of global pandemics, design teams will need to deliver not only software solutions, but also innovative hardware products, sometimes called "tough-tech" or "hard-tech." Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is a key tool for these leverage in order reach creative, innovative, hard-tech solutions society's most pressing issues. Given CAD's importance design, it positioned be enabler, barrier, increasing diversity teams....

Open-source is a decentralized and collaborative method of development that encourages open contribution from an extensive undefined network individuals. Although commonly associated with software (OSS), the open-source model extends to hardware development, forming basis (OSH). Compared OSS, OSH relatively nascent, lacking adequate tooling support existing platforms best practices for efficient collaboration. Taking necessary step towards improving collaboration, we conduct detailed case...

Abstract Conflict can be both a productive and detrimental reality of design collaboration. While most studies on conflict characterize findings by type (conflict about the task, process, or interpersonal relationships), we extend this typology to understand causes, topics, outcomes conflict. To do so, analyze communications in virtual chat platform, collected hybrid work environment. A thematic analysis over 6000 messages between student teams enterprise communication platform Slack...

Abstract Engineering design has proven to be a rich context for applying artificial intelligence (AI) methods, but categorization of such methods applied in AI-based research works seems lacking. This paper presents focused literature review mapped the different stages engineering process and describes how these assist process. We surveyed 108 papers from peer-reviewed journals conference proceedings their contribution five categorized seven our dataset. Our study indicated that most are...

Abstract Examining the Engineering Leadership Literature: Community of Practice Style Context & Objectives: leadership is a collaborative endeavour: New product development teams, entrepreneurial start-ups, and interdisciplinary R&D teams demonstrate interdependent nature engineering leadership. Our paper honours this team spirit by examining process outcomes an reading group. objectives for are twofold: to review literature on transitions, at meta-analytic level, illustrate benefits doing...