Modern attitudes to meat in both men and women reflect a strong meat-masculinity association. Sex differences the relationship between masculinity have not been previously explored. In current study we used two IATs (implicit association tasks), visual search task, questionnaire measure implicit explicit toward women. Men exhibited stronger associations healthiness than did women, but sexes associated more strongly with 'healthy' 'unhealthy' concepts. As was operationalized using terms such...

Abstract Objective Mate choice involves trading‐off several preferences. Research on this process tends to examine mate preference prioritization in homogenous samples using a small number of traits and thus provide little insight into whether patterns reflect universal human nature. This study examined patterns, their accompanying sex differences, are consistent across Eastern Western cultures. Method In the largest test priority model date, we asked an international sample participants ( N...

Abstract In many species, male secondary sexual traits have evolved via female choice as they confer indirect (i.e. genetic) benefits or direct such enhanced fertility survival. humans, the role of men's characteristically masculine androgen‐dependent facial in determining attractiveness has presented an enduring paradox studies human mate preferences. Male‐typical features a pronounced brow ridge and more robust jawline may signal underlying health, whereas beards age social dominance....

Human faces show marked sexual shape dimorphism, and this affects their attractiveness. Humans also height which means that men typically view women's from slightly above women men's below. We tested the idea perspective difference may be evolutionary origin of face dimorphism by having males females rate masculinity/femininity attractiveness male female had been manipulated in pitch (forward or backward tilt), simulating viewing As predicted, tilting upwards decreased perceived femininity...

In this paper we examine the holistic processing of faces from an evolutionary perspective, clarifying what such approach entails, and evaluating extent to which evidence currently available permits any strong conclusions. While it seems clear that depends on mechanisms evolved perform task, our review comparative literature reveals there is insufficient (or sometimes insufficiently compelling evidence) decide when in past may have arisen. It also difficult assess kinds selection pressures...

Even in multicultural nations interracial relationships and marriages are quite rare, one reflection of assortative mating. A relatively unexplored factor that could explain part this effect is people may find members their own racial group more attractive than other groups. We tested whether there an own-race preference attractiveness judgments, also examined the familiarity by comparing ratings given participants different ancestral geographic origins to faces European, East Asian African...

Abstract Mechanisms of animal learning and memory were traditionally studied without reference to niche-specific functional considerations. More recently, ecological demands have informed such investigations, most notably with respect foraging in birds. In parallel, behavioural ecologists, primarily concerned optimization, begun consider the role mechanistic factors, including cognition, explain apparent deviations from optimal predictions. present paper we discuss application...

In visual displays, people locate potentially threatening stimuli, such as snakes, spiders, and weapons, more quickly than similar benign beetles gadgets. Such biases are likely adaptive, facilitating fast responses to potential threats. Currently, historically, men have engaged in weapons-related activities (fighting hunting) women. If of attention for weapons result from selection pressures related these activities, then we would predict be stronger The current study reports the results...

The tendency of nectarivorous birds to perform better on tasks requiring them avoid previously rewarding locations (to win–shift) than return (win–stay) has been explained as an adaptation the depleting nature nectar. This interpretation relies untested assumption that win–shift is not associated with food types possessing a different distribution. To test this assumption, we examined specificity bias in omnivorous honeyeater, noisy miner ( Manorina melanocephala ). As predicted, found was...

Previous research has demonstrated that while women prefer to look at the face of men regardless relationship context, preferentially women's bodies for short-term (over long-term) judgments. The current study examined how self-rated mate value and 'mating intelligence' correlate with subjective importance information from or body. In addition, given apparent sex differences in these judgments, we investigated whether either is aware opposite-sex prioritizes this. Participants were 266...

The hunter-gatherer hypothesis of Silverman and Eals (1992) is the best-supported evolutionary explanation for sex differences in human spatial cognitive skills. It proposes that performance on a range task are consequence males (who hunted much more than did females) being better adapted to encode space allocentrically, rely Euclidian navigational strategies employing distant landmarks, whereas females gathered males) egocentrically, navigating based local be able precisely position...

Abstract Subjective attractiveness ratings of facial portraits women taken at the fertile phase menstrual cycle are higher than those same during non‐fertile periods. As female faces tilted downward rated as more attractive and courtship behaviours change across cycle, we investigated whether systematic tilt women's might be responsible for increased ratings. In original study (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 271, 2004, S272), fertile‐phase portrait each woman was deemed in 56–62% cases. When were...

Abstract The adaptationist perspective investigates how an animal's cognition has been shaped by the informational properties of environment. information that is useful may vary from one context to another. In current study we examine manipulating foraging (the type resource being foraged) could affect way spatial used forager. Noisy miner birds (omnivorous honeyeaters) were given working memory tasks in which they searched baited and unbaited feeders for either nectar or invertebrates. We...

The tendency to win-shift (to better learn avoid, rather than return to, recently rewarded locations) has been demonstrated in a variety of nectarivorous birds and honeybees. It is hypothesized be cognitive adaptation the depleting nature nectar. In present study we report first attempt test for bias parrot, rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus hematodus). This species differs from others tested that it facultative, an obligate, nectarivore. We captive-reared population on shift/stay task at long...

Invasive species present economic and ecological challenges worldwide. In many cases we are not aware of the full effect they have on environment, extent any damage, or factors contributing to their success. this study examined foraging aggression wild Common Mynas (Sturnus tristis) as a potential explanation for invasive success, quantified behaviour other birds. did display significantly more than species, displayed less native Australian Magpies (Cracticus tibicen). Furthermore, presence...