Peptide hormone receptors overexpressed in human tumors, such as somatostatin receptors, can be used for vivo targeting diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A novel promising candidate this field is the GLP-1 receptor, which was recently shown to massively gut lung neuroendocrine tumors—in particular, insulinomas. Anticipating a major development of receptor nuclear medicine, our aim evaluate vitro expression large variety other tumors compare it with that nonneoplastic tissues....

Experimental angular distributions are reported for electron capture by protons of 2.82, 5.42, and 7.40 MeV from He. A clear peak in $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\theta}}$ appears near the Thomas angle 0.47 mrad higher two bombarding energies, supporting widely held belief that double-scattering mechanism plays an important role high-velocity capture.

Heavy-ion-atom collisions at medium energies (\ensuremath{\sim}0.8 MeV/amu) yield a considerable probability for multiple inner-shell ionization. In the Ni-Ni, Ni-Fe, Fe-Ni, and Fe-Fe cases, distinct lines in x-ray spectra are observed, which must be interpreted as correlated two-electron jump into doubly ionized $K$ shell followed by emission of only one photon carrying away total transition energy.

Significant new evidence is reported for resonant transfer and excitation in ion-atom collisions. This process, which analogous to dielectronic recombination, occurs when a target electron captured simultaneously with the of projectile followed by photon emission. Strong behavior structure, agreement theoretical calculations, observed cross section $K$ x rays coincident single capture 100-360-MeV $_{20}\mathrm{Ca}^{16+,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}17+,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}18+}$ 180-460-MeV...

We have used the electron-energy dependence of yields heliumlike and lithiumlike argon ions from Kansas State University electron-beam source (EBIS) to measure ratio cross section for \ensuremath{\Delta} n=1 dielectronic recombination that electron ionization argon. By normalizing latter we obtain absolute sections find good agreement with theoretical calculations lower-energy resonances.

We report on the first Q-value measurements in charge-transfer collisions using recoil longitudinal momentum spectroscopy. This method is not limited to relatively low beam energies and easily adaptable captures involving any number of transferred electrons. A very monoenergetic necessary. For a 50-keV ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{15+}$ Ar collision system, Q values coresponding single through quintuple electron capture were measured found be good agreement with predictions molecular classical overbarrier model.

Correlated two-electron transitions into the doubly ionized $K$ shell have been observed in Al-Al, O-Ca, Ca-Ca, Fe-Fe, Fe-Ni, Ni-Fe, and Ni-Ni collisions at beam energies between 24 40 MeV. In these one photon carries away entire transition energy. The cross sections for characteristic radiation determined. measured branching ratios single- double-electron are compared with various theoretical predictions. experimental results found to be qualitative agreement.

This paper describes the ramp up of beam power for Spallation Neutron Source by ramping pulse length, repetition rate, and current emerging from H− source. Starting out with low rates (≤10 Hz) short lengths (≤0.2 ms), source low-energy transport delivered Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory exceeded requirements almost perfect availability. discusses modifications that were required to exceed 0.2 ms length 0.2% duty factor acceptable availability performance. Currently, is supporting...

Final-charge-state distributions of argon ions, scattered grazingly from a smooth highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface, have been measured as function initial charge state (q=4--17) and impact velocity (v=0.15--0.62 a.u.) The final-charge-state distribution changes strongly with the velocity, but is almost independent state. neutralization during grazing-angle scattering compared to charge-state equilibration experienced by ions passing through solid (carbon foil), these two processes...

We have used time-of-flight coincidence techniques to study multielectron reactions in 10-keV/u (v=0.632 a.u.) ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathit{q}+}$ (5\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}17) on Ar collisions. Absolute cross sections for total charge-transfer (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{q}}$), projectile charge-change (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{q},}$${\mathit{q}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{k}}$), recoil production...

We have measured cross sections for \ensuremath{\Delta}n=1 dielectronic recombination (DR) on He-like argon and found good agreement with theoretical calculations based the Hartree-Fock atomic model. Experimental absolute were obtained by using electron-energy dependence of yields Li-like ions from Kansas State University electron-beam ion source to measure ratio DR section electron-impact-ionization normalizing latter. The K x-ray emission spectra due \ensuremath{\Delta}n=1,2...

The $1s$ Lamb shift in hydrogenlike chlorine has been determined from a precision measurement of the ${2p}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{1s}_{\frac{1}{2}}(\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})$ and ${2p}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{1s}_{\frac{1}{2}}(\mathrm{Ly}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2})$ x-ray transitions using beam-foil excitation. x rays are emitted high-velocity chlorine-ion beams at several ion velocities produced by Van de Graaf accelerator. shifts obtained...

We have measured K x-ray spectra and yields from ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{17+}$ ions slowly approaching a single-crystal Ge surface. The were as function of the projectile velocity component perpendicular to From data characteristic time approximately 1 psec was extracted for in-flight filling above surface Ar vacancy.

The H-like spectrum of chlorine emitted from the Alcator C tokamak has been measured using a Bragg crystal X-ray spectrometer and in situ wavelength calibrations. 1s-2p transition energies were determined to an accuracy 34 p.p.m. allowing for test theoretically calculated Lamb shift 1s level Cl16+ at 12% level. This new technique spectroscopy highly ionised atoms could be further refined approach 5 absolute energy determination.

We have found striking periodic intensity fluctuations in the anisotropy of noncharacteristic x-ray radiation emitted Ca-Ca, Fe-Fe, and Ni-Ni collisions. It is shown that properties this new effect can be interpreted as quasimolecular transitions a rotating two-center system.

Resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) involving simultaneous electron capture projectile K-shell has been measured for calcium ions in charge states ranging from neonlike to hydrogenlike incident on molecular hydrogen over an energy range 100--370 MeV. The results establish a charge-state dependence RTE provide detailed test of theoretical calculations. effect the target-electron momentum distribution process is demonstrated by comparing with previous helium.

The Spallation Neutron Source operates reliably at 1.2 MW and will gradually ramp to 1.4 MW. This paper briefly recalls some of the struggles when unprecedented project was started ramped 1 over a 3½ year period. challenging, especially for H− ion source low-energy beam transport system, which make up injector. It took several more years push injector requirements, even longer reach close 100% availability. An additional breakthrough carefully staged, successful extension service cycle so...

We have studied the interaction of ions with solid surfaces in limit slow, highly charged (Xe44+ 0.1–20 keV/q). Using atomic force microscopy we are able to see individual ion impact sites on mica, approximately one site per incident ion. Such features typically circular ∼20 nm diameter. This damage may be caused by local charge depletion and conversion 50 keV Coulomb potential energy ions. Contact mode shows either pits or blisters depending scanning direction between tip substrate. By...

We have measured the damage caused by impact of low velocity, highly charged ions on insulating surfaces. Atomic force microscopy allows us to observe directly surface topography with nanometer resolution. Using constant velocity (100 keV) Xeq+ (25 ⩽ q 50) impinging mica, we single ion impacts. Impact sites typically are circular hillocks. Within range and accuracy data, height volume damaged regions well approximated a linear function potential energy.

A technique for electron spectroscopy which yields full two-dimensional momentum distributions continuum electrons has been used to study ejected from single ionization of He by ${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$ and proton projectiles at low velocities. Projectile velocities 1.63, 1.38, 1.16 a.u. 2.39, 1.71, 1.15, .85, 0.63 protons were used. All spectra show much broader along the beam than transverse beam. For case bombardment, are strongly influenced both target projectile potentials, maximizing near...

Since 2009, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been producing neutrons with ion beam powers near 1 MW, which requires extraction of ∼50 mA H− ions from source a ∼5% duty factor. The 50 are achieved after an initial dose ∼3 mg Cs and heating collar to ∼170 °C. normally persist for entire 4-week service cycles. Fundamental processes reviewed elucidate persistence SNS beams without steady feed why temperature may have be kept 170

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) now routinely operates nearly 1 MW of beam power on target with a highly persistent ∼38 mA peak current in the linac and an availability ∼90%. H− pulses (∼1 ms, 60 Hz) are produced by Cs-enhanced, multicusp ion source closely coupled electrostatic low energy transport (LEBT), which focuses 65 kV into radio frequency quadrupole accelerator. plasma is generated RF excitation (2 MHz, ∼60 kW) copper antenna that has been encased thickness ∼0.7 mm porcelain...

Recent measurements of the H− beam current show that SNS is injecting about 55 mA into RFQ compared to ∼45 in 2010. Since 2010, exiting dropped from ∼40 ∼34 mA, which sufficient for 1 MW power. To minimize impact degradation, service cycle best performing source was extended 6 weeks. The only degradation fluctuations electron dump voltage towards end some cycles, a problem being investigated. Very recently, retuned, partly restored its transmission. In addition, electrostatic low-energy...

We have observed direct target ionization of He at low velocity (0.2 to 1.7 a.u.) by highly charged ions ${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{7+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{8+}$, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$, and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{30+}$. The measured single cross sections increase rapidly with increasing velocity. sections, divided the charge incident projectile, are found lie on a universal curve when plotted versus ratio projectile classical Bohr-Lindhard limit for ionization. Impact parameter information was...

Single and double electron capture from He targets by ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$ ions have been studied at projectile velocities 0.3 to 1.5 a.u. Cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy was used record the energy gain scattering angle simultaneously. For single capture, reaction window is found spread in width approximately as square root of velocity shift slightly toward smaller energy-gain values increases. The angular distributions center half Coulomb over most range covered, but differ...