Here, we studied in vitro cytokine production by splenic macrophages obtained from young and aged BALB/c wild type (WT) IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice. Relative to WT mice given lipopolysaccharide (LPS), those had decreased of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, when compared KO mice, LPS stimulation yielded higher levels these cytokines cells Aging or deficiency did not affected the percentage F4/80(+) macrophages, surface expression Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) components receptor....

The increasing prevalence of binge drinking and its association with trauma necessitate accurate animal models to examine the impact intoxication on response outcome injuries such as burn. While much research has focused effect alcohol dose duration subsequent inflammatory parameters following burn, little evidence exists route administration. We examined degree which before burn injury causes systemic inflammation when ethanol is given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral gavage....

Abstract NKT cells are known to regulate effector T cell immunity during tolerance, autoimmunity, and antitumor immunity. Whether age-related changes in number or function occur remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether young vs aged (3 22 mo old) mice had different numbers of CD1d-restricted activation by CD1d vivo contributed suppression Flow cytometric analyses spleen LN revealed a 2- 3-fold increase the tetramer-positive mice. To determine from differentially regulated immunity,...

Journal Article Development of a Combined Radiation and Burn Injury Model Get access Jessica L. Palmer, MS, MS *Department Surgery, Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Cory R. Deburghgraeve, BS, BS Melanie D. Bird, PhD, PhD Martin Hauer-Jensen, MD, †Division Health, Arkansas Sciences, Little Rock‡Surgical Service, Central Veterans Healthcare System, Rock Elizabeth J. Kovacs,...

Nuclear disaster associated with combined radiation injury (CRI) and trauma or burns results in higher mortality than component injuries. Early death is caused by sequelae of gastrointestinal (GI) leakiness such as bacterial translocation shock. We developed a murine model to characterize GI after CRI determine the extent barrier disruption. Animals received (5.5 Gy) alone 15% total body surface area (TBSA) scald burn were euthanized at 24, 48, 72 h. Mesenteric lymph node homogenate was...

Abstract Overwhelming infection remains the leading cause of death from serious burn injury despite recent advances in care patients and a better understanding immune inflammatory consequences injury. In this study, we report critical requirement for CD1d-restricted NKT cells CD1d expression by APCs dysfunction that occurs early after Using well-established murine scald model with BALB/c knockout mice, investigated whether peripheral T cell immunity was affected presence or absence stages...

Infection, sepsis, and multiple organ failure continue to be significant factors leading morbidity mortality after severe injury. Studies by our laboratory others have identified injury-induced defects in both innate adaptive components of host defense. We previously reported that CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells actively suppress effector T-cell immunity burn injury via production excess IL-4 produce IFN-γ. α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a synthetic NKT cell-specific ligand...

Females have a higher rate of mortality following burn injury, largely due to differences in sepsis-related mortality. The present study seeks understand the underpinnings estrogen's immunomodulatory effects murine model injury and infection. Gonad-intact ovariectomized female mice were subjected 15% total BSA scald then inoculated with 3000 CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa by topical application wound. Animals killed at 1, 2, or 7 days after injury. Tissue whole blood collected. Cultures...

Events such as a nuclear meltdown accident or attack have potential for severe radiation injuries. Radiation injury frequently occurs in combination with other forms of trauma, most often burns. Thus far, combined studies focused mainly on skin wound healing and damage to the gut. Since both exposure remote burn pulmonary consequences, we examined early effects lung. C57BL/6 male mice were irradiated 5 Gy total body irradiation followed by 15% surface area scald burn. Lungs from surviving...

The threat of nuclear disaster makes combined radiation and burn injury (CRI) a relevant topic when discussing modern trauma, as injuries are likely to occur with detonation conventional weapon. Previous studies in murine model have shown that there is breakdown the gut epithelium subsequent bacterial translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes after CRI. This study examines early innate immune response small intestine Using previously established 5 5.5 Gy total body irradiation 15% TBSA burn,...

The present study investigated whether an explanation for the conflicting reports on interleukin-2 (IL-2) status of amniotic fluid is due to presence IL-15 which shares biological activities with IL-2 and utilizes receptor beta-chain. Amniotic fluids from 45 normally progressing pregnancies between 14 16 weeks after last menstrual period were assayed by bioassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ability induce cytotoxic T lymphoblastoid line-2 (CTLL-2) cell proliferation was...

Abstract Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a pivotal role in response to infection by first releasing pro-inflammatory molecules and phagocytosing pathogens then resolving inflammation clearing apoptotic neutrophils. This is accomplished largely based on their ability switch from an anti-inflammatory phenotype. PPARγ transcription factor important for promoting resolution. To study the of AM regulating respiratory function immune responses context bacterial infection, we utilized...

Five adult males who had sexually offended against children and previously been victims of child sex abuse (CSA) were interviewed about their experiences completing Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on memories CSA. Data analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes identified encapsulated descriptions changes in participants' perspectives CSA that led to offending behavior victims, reduction sexual preoccupation, increased desire for healthy...