Snail shells contain CaCO3 and can cause environmental problem due to the microbes bacteria activity in shells. However, waste be mitigated used use high calcium content. It converted into hydroxyapatite (HAp). This study discusses synthesis of from snail using hydrothermal method. XRD test showed that phase, size, shape bond were similar HAp commercial. Diffraction measurements raw shell powder highest peak at 2θ = 33.15°, while heating 105°C sintering 700°C produced peaks 29.44° dan...

A by-product of the making essential oil from Melaleuca leaves can be re-extracted to produce an inhibitor. extract (MLE), as alternative corrosion inhibitor, was employed protect low-carbon steel (LCS) in a sulfuric acid medium. Adsorption and inhibition were examined using electrochemical tests. MLE functioned mixed-type inhibitor with optimal inhibitory efficacy 98.99%. The by on LCS based Temkin adsorption isotherm physisorption. study demonstrated potential derived biomass...

Alkali treatment is often used to improve the natural fiber's performance as a bio-composite reinforcement. However, residual alkali chemical that harmful environment. For this reason, fiber modification uses environmentally friendly enzymes. Bromelain an solution. with 2 g/l increased tensile strength of BPF by 8.29%. enzymes enhance thermal resistance and wettability, providing eco-friendly alternative modifying fibers. BPF, treated bromelain, sustainable, raw material ideal for enhancing...

Natural fiber reinforced composites are usually added with fillers to improve their performance. However, this often affects the other composite properties. This study describes successful development of timoho (TF)-reinforced polyester combined iron powder (IP) filler. Composite fabrication used hot press method. Flame, thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics were analyzed determine effect variations on volume fraction IP filler in 30% (wt) TF. The results showed that PTF had...

Abstract Eco‐friendly composite made of Timoho Fiber (TF) continuously developed to get the best performance replace plastic‐based synthetic fibers. This study focuses on investigating physical characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal analysis, and morphology TF‐reinforced polyester composites by adding organic (egg shell powder‐ESP) inorganic (aluminum powder‐AP) fillers. Hot press method was used in fabrication with considered volume fraction TF, organic, The results showed that...

This study aims to examine the phenomena that occur due projectile penetration on fiber metal laminate. Ballistic testing was carried out experimentally according National Institute of Justice standards (NIJ Standard 0101.06 level III-A) using a 9 mm full-metal jacket with normal angle attack (90° target). The results showed laminate could withstand rate by penetrating first layer (aluminum plate) and second (aramid/epoxy), while last deformed form bulge. pierced aluminum plate is...

Liquid smoke (LS), an eco-friendly substance, is effective in modifying natural fibers to enhance their mechanical properties, surface morphology, and thermal stability. This study investigates the effects of LS immersion followed by microwave treatment on tensile strength, characteristics Sansevieria trifasciata Laurentii (STL) fibers. Response methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used optimize parameters, including time, heating temperature, duration. Mechanical,...

Many naturally-derived organic coating has been proposed for corrosion protection of carbon steel, but its effectiveness is challenged by poor adhesion. In this work, chitosan was extracted from Nila tilapia fish scales and coated onto ASTM A36 steel surface using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) dip (DC) techniques. The work aims at determining the technique process parameters that result in effective acid solution. determined calculating inhibition efficiency obtained polarization test...

Nephelium lappaceum peel Extract (NPE) is effective to control carbon steel weldment corrosion in acidic solution.This study analyzes NPE performance (0 60 ppm) as inhibitor on 3.5% NaCl. Potentiodynamic polarization was used investigate rate and inhibition performance. The results revealed that has strong effect (83%) heat affected zone (HAZ) base metal (BM) (62%) weld (WM) (71%). acted mixed type all areas. On areas, there physisorption (WM HAZ) following isothermal Langmuir, but BM...

Organic inhibitors have been considered as an effective way to control the corrosion of carbon steel weldment in acidic environment. This work proposes a new green organic inhibitor made extract rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum) peel and aims at analyzing its properties protection mechanism. Specimens were tested for their by using electrochemical immersion methods 1 M HCl solution containing 0 6 g/L Nephelium (NP) extract. Results showed that, same solution, rate was measured be higher...

This study explores the zeolite-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites annealed at 90C which was investigated to obtain crack growth and deformation behavior under tensile loading until specimen completely broken. Crack were obtained from double-edge-notched (DENT) test. At each stage of fracture development, value energy consumed determined based on partitioning concept. The is assessed process both initiation propagation. results describe that grows in a similar way, involved varies...

Thermal spray coating improves SS 316L corrosion resistance using biomaterials like hydroxyapatite (HA), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and titanium (TiO2), promoting bone binding biological fixation. The study examined the impact of bio-ceramic coatings HA, HA+TiO2, HA+ZrO2 on rate stainless steel in Hank's Balance Salt Solution artificial saliva media. Electrochemical testing with polarization was carried out to determine performance against rates. addition TiO2 ZrO2 HA both SS316L Ti6Al4V...

Zn-based biodegradable implants were still relatively new, and much development was needed. This study added varying amounts of Mn to Zn alloys analyzed their effect on corrosion rate. Corrosion testing conducted electrochemically with a polarization test. The characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the additional content also observed through hardness Zn-25Mn alloy had lowest alloy, addition certain levels Mn, experienced formation intermetallic phase...

Brass alloys contain the dangerous element lead. Material engineering is carried out to reduce lead in brass and add nickel elements as a substitute for by casting process. The phenomenon analyzed this study explains comparing accuracy level of OES EDX test results on dissolution casting, especially adding elements. So that researchers can compare decrease percentage composition results. At same time, there an increase process uses electric furnace with initial temperature 526 °C. Elemental...

Coral reefs are vulnerable to several natural phenomena such as ocean warming, acidification, coral diseases, and plastic pollution. In order tackle these problems, scientists now working on the development of biocomposites utilizing biodegradable polymers polycaprolactone (PCL). Graphite can be used in conjunction with PCL enhance its characteristics. The work is centered around conducting water absorption experiments a composite material consisting graphite. investigation employs granular...

This paper investigates the ballistic impact behavior of fiber metal laminates (FML) composed aramid fiber-reinforced epoxy with a central layer aluminum alloy Al5083. The research examines performance influenced by factors such as hole shape and depth in laminate integrates both macro microstructural analyses FMLs. FML variations studied included perforated first diameters 3 mm 5 mm, through which bullets penetrated. Ballistic tests were conducted from firing distance meters using 9-mm...