This study assessed the behaviour of a constructive material in CSP plants, namely ferritic-martensitic steel, with molten NaNO3/KNO3 (60/40 wt%), also known as Solar Salt. To this end, EIS is presented suitable technique to evaluate and monitor resistance Salt at 580 °C. Tests were performed up 1000 h results supported by gravimetric microstructural characterisation samples chemical analysis salt. According results, diffusion-controlled reaction occurred during contact, which indicates that...

This review summarizes past research and future strategies for the improvement of pair heat transfer fluids (HTF) - containing material, used in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, focusing on most interesting promising HTF, chloride molten salts. Indeed, their low cost operating range temperature make them very strong potential candidates CSP furthermore improvable by wisely adding nanoparticles. Nevertheless, well-known aggressive behaviour entails selecting a long-lasting resistant...

This investigation assesses the effect of alloy composition and temperature in corrosivity ternary carbonate eutectic, 32% Li2CO3, 33% Na2CO3, 35% K2CO3. To this end, an iron-based alloy, coded as 51Fe-24Cr-20Ni, a nickel-based 5Fe–23Cr-58Ni-8Mo, were exposed to mixture for 500 h at 700 ºC, 750 ºC 800 under static atmospheric air. The results revealed that corrosion extension does not have linear dependence on temperature. There are changes mechanism depend temperature, but, turn, they...

MgCl2/NaCl/KCl salt appeared as a high-potential heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar application, offering wide operating range and low cost. Nevertheless, MgCl2 hydrates atmosphere relative humidity are the limiting factors real scale CSP plant, leading to severe corrosion. Thus, Inconel 617 was tested at 700ºC up 24 h in air simulate punctual failure inertization system of plant. XRD SEM-EDX analysis showed unstable multilayers growing cascade, highlighting chromium, aluminum,...

Inconel 625 (IN625) coatings were deposited by High-Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) and laser cladding, on a 10.50–12%Cr steel to improve its oxidation resistance. Both as-deposited exhibited γ-Ni-Cr matrix two protective oxides (Cr2O3 NiCr2O4). In addition, cladding also presented precipitates A2B-type Laves phases due the dilution effect from technique. Coated uncoated oxidized under isothermal conditions at 600 °C for 2000 h subsequently analyzed using gravimetry, SEM-EDS XRD techniques. The...

Molten salts as heat transfer fluids (HTF) for concentrated solar power (CSP) plant application are considered the best thermal storage medium, and more precisely molten chlorides, presenting a wide operating range coupled with competitive cost. Furthermore, MgCl2-NaCl-KCl (MgNaK) mixture appeared most promising one but need further studies to better understand its thermophysical properties. Indeed, hydrated form leads formation of corrosive compounds. In this research, two different methods...

The protective behaviour of ZrO2-3%molY2O3 sol-gel coatings, deposited with an immersion coating technique on 9Cr-1Mo P91 steel, was evaluated corrosion monitoring sensors using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. tests were carried out in contact solar salt at 500 °C for a maximum 2000 h. results showed highly coating, process coated system being controlled by diffusion charged particles through layer. acts limiting transport ions and slowing down corrosive process....

The performance of a concentrated solar power plant is strongly driven by its heat storage capacity and evolving through the development new salt mixtures. Molten nitrates, which have already proved their high potential, can be further improved in terms economic environmental aspects, with mitigation toxic compounds higher electricity generation capability. In this work, stability range energy density characterisations were performed on nitrate ‘Solar’ salt, along life cycle assessment,...

In the present work, behaviour of a ferritic-martensitic steel, VM12, in Solar Salt was monitored by EIS. To this end corrosion tests at 580°C were carried out for 1000 h. According to EIS results, diffusion-controlled reaction occurred during test, which indicates formation porous layer. The results also shown rate 50 µm·year−1 after h testing. Results obtained agreement with ones gravimetric and SEM-EDX analysis. Thus, showed possible suitability monitoring processes real-time steels CSP plants.

Ternary low melting point mixtures with the addition of LiNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 have been presented as direct system candidates for CSP technologies due to having better physical chemical properties than those Solar Salt. In this study, thermal, are measured is corrosive behavior stainless alloy VM12 (Cr 12%) when in contact Salt, 60% NaNO3-40% KNO3 (wt.%) ternary 46% NaNO3-19% Ca(NO3)2-35% (wt.%). Gravimetric weight change measurements were performed on test specimens, which tested under...

This paper evaluates the corrosion of A516 carbon steel in binary Solar Salt (60 wt.% NaNO3/40 KNO3) by immersion tests with continuous salt flow at 500 °C. To this end, a novel patented experimental facility enabling dynamic degradation materials contact molten mediums was developed and used. Experimental results showed greater rates thicker oxide layers samples subjected to than static ones. The test simulates real conditions (flux, thermocycling, etc.) CSP plant. pilot plant is great step...

Concentrated solar power plants present several issues due to salt-induced corrosion, and the modelling of these mechanisms is needed for estimating lifetime predictions. Moreover, a small variation temperature can lead microstructure changes allotropic transformations thus free energy formation phases within materials. Therefore, corrosion study molten carbonates, being high potential heat transfer fluids CSP applications, on H230 alloy was performed at 700ºC, 750ºC 800ºC up 1000 h, in air...

In the present work, behaviour of ZrO2 – Y2O3 coatings in contact with molten salts at 500 °C has been studied. The were prepared by sol-gel and deposited dip-coating on AISI 304 specimens previously sanding polishing. salt was studied through static corrosion tests immersion coated samples an alkali-nitrate mixture a composition 60 wt.% NaNO3/40 KNO3 (commonly known as Solar Salt). Prior to test, characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy X-Ray Diffraction, showing compacted,...

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This research aims to assess and monitor the corrosion of 321H stainless steel in a quaternary salt mixture that consist Hitec salt, which 1%wt. LiNO3 is added. Assessment monitoring was carried out by an online two-electrode system enables electrochemical impedance measurements real-time. The initially developed for laboratory analysis then scaled up demonstration parabolic-trough plant. Results obtained at lab-scale indicated controlled ion transport scale, providing rate 8.87 µm·year-1....

A detailed analysis of the melting point and thermal degradation a ternary mixture carbonates to which various percentages NaOH were added is presented. To this end, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) carried out. Experimental results show that prepared salts can be down below 450 °C with their decomposition temperatures around 900°C. The new kinds mixed molten have lower slightly higher temperature, but obtained improvements are not as large expected....