Abstract The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor cortical excitability are highly variable between individuals. Inter-individual differences in the electric fields generated brain by tDCS might play a role variability. Here, we explored whether these related to changes following anodal primary cortex (M1). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured 28 healthy subjects before and after 20 min sham or 1 mA right M1 double-blind crossover design. individually...

The electric field produced in the brain is main physical agent of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Inter-subject variations fields may help to explain variability effects tDCS. Here, we use multiple-subject analysis study strength and group-level standard space. Personalized anatomically-accurate models 62 subjects were constructed from T1- T2-weighted MRI. finite-element method was used computationally estimate individual fields, which registered space using surface based...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) modulates cortical activity and influences motor cognitive functions in both healthy clinical populations. However, there is large inter-individual variability the responses to TDCS. Computational studies have suggested that differences cranial brain anatomy may contribute this via creating varying electric fields brain. This implies or their strength orientation should be considered incorporated when selecting TDCS dose. Unfortunately, field...

This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Proactive Behavior Scale for Mid-Career Nurses, which was designed measure proactive behavior nurses who have worked outside their current employment hospital (mid-career nurses) are in process organizational socialization. A mail survey administered 875 mid-career using a draft version Scale. An exploratory factor analysis conducted on data, Nurses developed (Survey 1). Additionally, 706 examine scale 2). From results, three factors...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that modulates motor performance and learning. Previous studies have shown tDCS over the primary cortex (M1) can facilitate consolidation of various skills. However, effect on newly learned ballistic movements remains unknown. The present study tested hypothesis M1 enhances thumb in healthy adults. Twenty-eight subjects participated an experiment with single-blind, sham-controlled, between-group design. Fourteen...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation scheme where small delivered to the brain via two electrodes attached scalp. The electrode design an important topic, not only as regards efficacy, but also from safety perspective, tDCS may be related skin lesions that are sometimes observed after stimulation. Previous computational models of have omitted effects microscopic structures in skin, and different soak conditions electrodes, model validation has been limited. In...

Previous studies have reported a relationship between upper limb motor function and activities of daily living. However, their after removing the influence lower has not been clarified.This study aimed to investigate Fugl-Meyer assessment total Functional Independence Measure score each item contained in eliminating affected limb.This retrospective cross-sectional included 58 subacute stroke patients. To before limb, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient partial analysis were used....

Motor dysfunction after stroke might be improved by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) in patients moderate and severe motor dysfunction.This preliminary study tested the effect of this treatment combination.Fifteen (60.5 ± 10.3 years old) participated study. All had been affected cerebral artery infarction or hemorrhage their hand. The received NMES at paretic wrist extensor muscles rTMS over unaffected M1 hemisphere twice...

Background Intensive motor training with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has efficacy as a therapeutic method for dysfunction of the affected upper limb in patients mild to moderate stroke. However, it is not clear whether this combination therapy same effect chronic post-stroke severe impairment. Objectives The aim study was test treatment effects intensive rTMS Methods A convenience sample 26 impairment participated non-randomized, non-controlled clinical...

Neurophysiological studies in healthy subjects suggest that increased spinal inhibitory reflexes from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to soleus (SOL) might contribute decreased spasticity. While 50 Hz is an effective frequency for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) subjects, stroke survivors, effects of TENS on reflex circuits and its appropriate are not well known. We examined different frequencies TA SOL survivors. Twenty chronic survivors with ankle plantar flexor...

The spatiotemporal parameters were used for sophisticated gait analysis in widespread clinical use. Recently, a laser range sensor has been proposed as new device the measurement. However, measurement using single can only be short-range measurements because irradiates participants with lasers radial manner. For long-range measurement, present study uses modified method dual sensors installed at opposite ends of walking path. aim was to investigate concurrent validity by comparison...

The aim of this study was to clarify the intra- and inter-rater reliability rate force development in hip abductor muscle measurements using a hand-held dynamometer. Thirty healthy adults were separately assessed by two independent raters on separate days. Rate calculated from slope force-time curve that divided into four time intervals (50, 100, 200, 300 ms). highest values three trials used for statistical analysis. intra-class correlation coefficient with 95% confidence interval, standard...

When multiple sensory modalities are simultaneously presented, reaction time can be reduced while interference enlarges. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects task-irrelevant acoustic accessory stimuli presented with visual imperative on executive function during stepping. Executive functions were assessed by analyzing temporal events and errors in initial weight transfer postural responses prior a step (anticipatory adjustment errors). Eleven healthy young adults stepped...

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used as treatment for spasticity. The present study examined differences in time-dependent effects of NMES depending on frequency. Forty healthy subjects were separated into four groups (no-stim, 50, 100, and 200 Hz). un-conditioned H-reflex amplitude the conditioning-test paradigm to measure effectiveness monosynaptic Ia excitation motoneurons soleus (SOL) muscle, disynaptic reciprocal inhibition from tibialis anterior (TA) SOL, presynaptic...

Purpose: To establish the within-day and between-day intra-rater reliability, inter-rater validity systematic errors of tandem gait test (TGT).Materials methods: Thirty participants performed TGT timed up go (TUG) twice on first day. Three independent raters measured these tests. After two weeks, protocol was repeated by one tester to assess reliability. The reliability estimated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) Bland–Altman plots associated with learning effect. Inter-rater ICC...

The relationship between peak torque of the knee extensor muscles and gait speed was previously investigated in patients with chronic stroke, but whether rate force development (RFD), another indicator muscle strength, affected remained unknown.To clarify relationships RFD over multiple time intervals stroke.Twenty stroke participated this study. unaffected measured. Time were set to 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms (100RFD), 0-200 (200RFD), 0-300 (300RFD). Gait assessed at comfortable maximum pace....

Various-shaped joysticks steer electric-powered wheelchairs (EPWs); however, an operability evaluation has not been fully conducted. This study evaluated the subjective and objective of various-shaped in 22 younger older adults. Participants operated EPW on experimental course using nine different-shaped joysticks, before ranking each joystick by their (1 = best, 9 worst) as a primary outcome. Movement time (MT) driving accuracy (DA) were also measured. Despite no significant differences...

We initiated the Robotic Smart Home (RSH) project to develop a comfortable, safe home environment for all people, including elderly and individuals with disabilities. An important consideration when introducing robots into is confined living space, so-called space problem. The RSH plans simultaneously an architectural design spaces create optimal that will help people live independently at longer periods. accommodates following three robotics assistive systems: mobility transfer assist...

Variability in the efficacy of transcranial direct-current stimulation (TDCS) may be affected by variations electric fields, which depend on both experimental parameters and individual anatomical features head brain. Electrode configurations that minimize inter-subject differences fields would useful for controlling variability TDCS studies. This study investigated effects electrode size configuration fields. Individual MRI-based models 44 subjects finite-element method were used. Motor...