A simple model is presented for calculating the forces between closed-shell atoms and molecules in regions both of attractive well repulsive wall at shorter distances. Account taken overlap separate atomic densities electron correlation. Applications to pairs rare gas alkali halide demonstrate quantitative agreement with empirically determined intermolecular potentials these systems over whole range separations inside including potential minimum.

A solution for scalable-flow batteries Flow batteries, in which the redox active components are held tanks separate from part of cell, offer a scalable route storing large quantities energy. challenge their large-scale development is to avoid formulations that depend on toxic transition metal ions. Lin et al. show quinones can be dissolved alkaline solutions and coupled with ferricyanides make flow cell battery (see Perspective by Perry). This gives scope developing cells very low costs,...

A new method is developed for integrating coupled differential equations arising in bound state and scattering problems quantum mechanics. The wavefunctions are easily constructed piecewise analytic form, to any prescribed accuracy.

The Debye model of rotational diffusion by small angular steps is generalized to allow molecular reorientation through arbitrarily large size. models are found give a rather accurate representation in liquids and gases, as observed the infrared Raman spectra simple molecules. One interesting feature both theoretical experimental correlation functions that approach equilibrium often takes form damped oscillation, than monotonic decay which usually assumed.

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films have been deposited on soda lime glass substrates from diethyl zinc, triethyl aluminum, and ethanol by atmospheric pressure chemical-vapor deposition in the temperature range 367–444 °C. Film roughness was controlled dopant concentration. The resistivities as low 3.0 × 10−4 Ω cm, infrared reflectances close to 90%, visible transmissions of 85%, absorptions 5.0% for a sheet resistance 4.0 Ω/⧠. aluminum concentration within doped measured electron microprobe is...

It is suggested that Fourier transformation of infrared and Raman band shapes reveals the meaning spectrum in terms molecular rotation much more clearly than does usual frequency shape. By looking at time dependence directly, one may separately examine motion short long times The be analyzed directly dynamics, by use a power series time, whereas behavior best examined statistical arguments. This kind analysis illustrated several examples, including spectra liquid CO CH4.

Thin‐film solar cells are made by vapor deposition of Earth‐abundant materials: tin, zinc, oxygen and sulfur. These had previously achieved an efficiency about 2%, less than 1/10 their theoretical potential. Loss mechanisms systematically investigated mitigated in based on p‐type tin monosulfide, SnS, absorber layers combined with n‐type zinc oxysulfide, Zn(O,S) that selectively transmit electrons, but block holes. Recombination at grain boundaries is reduced annealing the SnS films H 2 S to...

High-performance enhancement-mode semiconducting carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) are obtained by combining ohmic metal−tube contacts, high-dielectric-constant HfO2 films as gate insulators, and electrostatically doped segments source/drain electrodes. The combination of these elements affords high ON currents subthreshold swings ∼70−80 mV/decade allows for low OFF suppressed ambipolar conduction. source drain approach resembles that MOSFETs can impart excellent states to...

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of smooth and highly conformal films hafnium zirconium oxides was studied using six metal alkylamide precursors for zirconium. Water used as an oxygen source during these experiments. As deposited, exhibited a surface with measured roughness equivalent to that the substrate on which they were deposited. These also very high degree conformality: 100% step coverage holes aspect ratios greater than 35. The completely uniform in thickness composition over length...

We demonstrate an aqueous organic and organometallic redox flow battery utilizing reactants composed of only earth-abundant elements operating at neutral pH. The positive electrolyte contains bis((3-trimethylammonio)propyl)ferrocene dichloride, the negative bis(3-trimethylammonio)propyl viologen tetrachloride; these are separated by anion-conducting membrane passing chloride ions. Bis(trimethylammoniopropyl) functionalization leads to ∼2 M solubility for both reactants, suppresses...

Short channel (~80 nm) n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) with potassium (K) doped source and drain regions high-k gate dielectrics (ALD HfO2) are obtained. For nanotubes diameter ~ 1.6 nm bandgap 0.55 eV, we obtain n-MOSFET-like devices exhibiting high on-currents due to chemically suppressed Schottky barriers at the contacts, subthreshold swing of 70mV/decade, negligible ambipolar conduction on/off ratios up 10^6 a bias voltage 0.5V. The results...

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with structures and properties near the scaling limit short (down to 50 nm) channels, self aligned geometries, palladium electrodes low contact resistance high-k dielectric gate insulators are realized. Electrical transport in these miniature is ballistic up high biases at both room temperatures. Atomic layer deposited (ALD) films interact sidewalls via van der Waals interactions without causing weak localization 4 K. New fundamental understanding of...

A new method is presented for the calculation of thermodynamic properties from equilibrium statistical mechanics. Starting high-temperature expansion coefficients canonical partition function, error bounds are obtained, which both rigorous and optimal.

Abstract Thin film solar cells made from earth‐abundant, non‐toxic materials are needed to replace the current technology that uses Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 and CdTe, which contain scarce toxic elements. One promising candidate absorber material is tin monosulfide (SnS). In this report, pure, stoichiometric, single‐phase SnS films were obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using reaction of bis( N , N′‐ diisopropylacetamidinato)tin(II) [Sn(MeC(N‐ i Pr) ) ] hydrogen sulfide (H S) at low...

Atomic layer deposition of alumina enhanced the molecule sensing characteristics fabricated nanopores by fine-tuning their surface properties, reducing 1/f noise, neutralizing charge to favor capture DNA and other negative polyelectrolytes, controlling diameter aspect ratio pores with near single Ångstrom precision. The control over chemical physical nature pore provided atomic produced a higher yield functional nanopore detectors.

A systematic study is presented of the rotational relaxation and spectral line shape properties dilute gas mixtures H2 in He, an effort to determine radial angular dependence H2–He intermolecular potential. The quantum mechanical theory gases reviewed, we express results terms a matrix cross sections that determines each correlation function, thus system. section calculated from binary collision transition amplitudes, or S elements, for scattering. Morse-spline-fitted-van der Waals potential...

Germanium nanowires (GeNWs) with p- and n-dopants were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) used to construct complementary field-effect transistors (FETs). Electrical transport X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data are correlated glean the effects of Ge surface chemistry electrical characteristics GeNWs. Large hysteresis due water molecules strongly bound GeO(2) on GeNWs is revealed. Different oxidation behavior opposite band bending Fermi level pinning interface states...

SnS is a promising earth-abundant material for photovoltaic applications. Heterojuction solar cells were made by vapor deposition of p-type tin(II) sulfide, SnS, and n-type zinc oxysulfide, Zn(O,S), using device structure soda-lime glass/Mo/SnS/Zn(O,S)/ZnO/ITO. A record efficiency was achieved SnS-based thin-film varying the oxygen-to-sulfur ratio in Zn(O,S). Increasing sulfur content Zn(O,S) raises conduction band offset between to an optimum slightly positive value. SnS/Zn(O,S) cell with...

Abstract A highly stable phosphonate‐functionalized anthraquinone is introduced as the redox‐active material in a negative potential electrolyte (negolyte) for aqueous redox flow batteries operating at nearly neutral pH. The design and synthesis of 2,6‐DPPEAQ, (((9,10‐dioxo‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene‐2,6‐diyl)bis(oxy))bis(propane‐3,1‐diyl))bis(phosphonic acid), which has high solubility pH 9 above, described. Chemical stability studies demonstrate both 12. By pairing 2,6‐DPPEAQ with potassium...