When outcomes are delayed, their value is decreased. Delay discounting a much-studied topic because it correlated with certain disorders (e.g., pathological gambling). The present study attempts to determine how people would delay discount number of different commodities, ranging from money dating partners federal education legislation. Participants completed tasks pertaining 5 set commodities for 2 groups. Results showed that were often discounted differently. Both data sets also subjected...

ABSTRACT Several methods have been devised to measure delay discounting. The present study recruited university students complete a delay-discounting task involving five different outcomes (finding dating partner, free cigarettes, winning $100,000, being owed and obtaining one's ideal body image) that was administered using either the fill-in-the blank (FITB) or multiple-choice (MC) method. Results showed administration sometimes produced significantly rates of discounting, direction which...

The present study investigated whether the contingencies maintaining participants’ gambling behavior would be predictive of how participants discounted hypothetical probabilistic outcomes gaining or losing $1,000 $100,000. One hundred forty nine university students completed South Oaks Gambling Screen, Functional Assessment – Revised, and a probability-discounting task. Results demonstrated that problematic was more closely associated with as an escape than for positive reinforcement....

Four rats were studied with variants of a progressive-ratio schedule step size 6 in which different terminal components followed completion the 20th ratio: (a) reversal progression, (b) fixed-ratio schedule, or (c) extinction. Responding these schedules was compared to performances under conventional baselines. Under baseline conditions, postreinforcement pauses increased exponentially as function increasing ratio size, whereas running rates showed modest declines. The procedure linking...

A shift in generalization gradients away from S+ and towards stimuli on the opposite end of stimulus dimension S‐ is a well established phenomenon laboratory, occurring with humans nonhumans wide range stimuli. The gradient shifts has also been observed to have an analogous relationship variety apparent biases preference natural environment. One way examine validity such analogies by examining whether can be complex naturalistic In present experiment, undergraduates were trained discriminate...

Following single stimulus training, responding during a generalization test tends to be distributed around the positive (S+). However, if participants are trained instead discriminate S+ from negative (S-), response gradient often shifts away S- and toward opposite end of continuum. In this experiment, author examined basis with 72 college undergraduates. The research especially how affected by physical similarity ease which two stimuli can compared. For former manipulation, randomly...

Seven rats responding under fixed-ratio or variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement had continuous access to a drinking tube inserted into the operant chamber. Under different conditions they could drink either tap water one two saccharin solutions. In baseline condition, bottle was empty. Preratio pausing observed with both schedules, more so than schedule, and increasing concentration solution increased duration pausing. Comparisons performances revealed that additional largely, but...

The present studies used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to explore the degree which probability discounting processes are similar delay processes. To determine whether these similar, 2 questions were addressed: outcomes can be categorized into multiple domains (as demonstrated for discounting) inverse magnitude effect would observed nonmonetary outcomes. An analysis was conducted using data from fill-in-the-blank method (Study 1), followed by a multiple-choice 2) as...

The current study investigated the relationship between two forms of discounting (delay and probability) measures factors that may maintain gambling behavior (behavioral contingencies expectancies). Participants (272 undergraduates) completed questions for scenarios gaining or losing $1,000 $100,000 with uncertain delayed outcomes. They also filled out South Oaks Gambling Screen, Functional Assessment -Revised, Expectancies Questionnaire. Results showed positive reinforcement was...