Summary A single radish nuclear gene, Rfo , restores Ogura ( ogu ) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Brassica napus . map‐based cloning approach relying on synteny between and Arabidopsis was used to clone gene encoding a 687‐amino‐acid protein with predicted mitochondrial targeting pre‐sequence found confer fertility upon transformation into CMS B. This like the recently described Petunia Rf codes for pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)‐containing multiple, this case 16, PPR domains. Two...

The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes is increasing and this report an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor-resistant Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop. from southwestern Ontario another example. identified escaped control in onion carrot rotation which graminicides were used for several consecutive years. Our goal was to characterize the level mechanism resistance biotype.The biotype resistant all five ACCase inhibitor herbicides tested. Gene-expression profiling performed...

Abstract Ambrosia artemisiifolia and trifida (Asteraceae) are important pest species the two greatest sources of aeroallergens globally. Here, we took advantage a hybrid to simplify genome assembly present chromosome‐level assemblies for both species. These show high levels completeness with Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) scores 94.5% A. 96.1% long terminal repeat (LTR) Assembly Index values 26.6 23.6, respectively. The genomes were annotated using RNA data identifying...

This is a first report of an Ala-205-Phe substitution in acetolactate synthase conferring resistance to imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, triazolopyrimidines, sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinones, and pyrimidinyl (thio) benzoate herbicides. Resistance (ALS) photosystem II inhibiting herbicides was confirmed population allotetraploid annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.; POAAN-R3) selected from golf course turf Tennessee. Genetic sequencing revealed that seven eight POAAN-R3 plants had point mutation...

Resistance to 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was recently confirmed in a population of green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) from Dresden, Ontario, Canada, with resistance factor 4.4. synthetic auxin herbicides Amaranthus species has previously been linked non-target site mechanisms low-level factors (<10). Based on this information an investigation into the mechanism MCPA conducted pigweed. No significant differences absorption, translocation, and metabolism 14 C-MCPA existed...

Abstract Ten years after the introduction of genetically engineered canola ( Brassica napus L.), bird rape mustard rapa L.) with transgenes conferring glyphosate resistance was reported where crop and weed were sympatric. Another decade later, populations these weeds on farms located beyond this initial region sympatry. To determine if introgressed have potential to persist in field borders wild types plants can be found, competitive fitness two compared that naturalised populations, a B....

Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (PRKA) is a serine/threonine that functions as metabolic switch in number of physiological functions. The present study was undertaken to assess the role this nuclear maturation porcine oocytes. RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed expression PRKAA1 subunit granulosa cells, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC), denuded oocytes (DO). Porcine COC DO contained transcripts corresponded expected sizes designed primers for PRKAB1 PRKAG1. PRKAA2 detected cells COC,...

Abstract Background Due to the accessibility of underlying technologies ‘Omics’, in particular genomics, are becoming commonplace several fields research, including study agricultural pests. The weed community is starting embrace these approaches; genome sequences have been made available past years, with other sequencing projects underway, as promoted by International Weed Genome Consortium. Chromosome‐scale essential fully exploit power genetics and genomics. Results We report such an...

The meiosis of mammalian oocytes begins during the fetal life and stops at dictyate stage. This study has assessed role specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on control meiotic resumption in porcine investigating influence PMSG-hCG cAMP stimulation. Cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) denuded (DOs) were collected from gilt ovaries obtained a local slaughterhouse. Oocytes cultured NCSU23 with different PDE inhibitors. EC(50) for maintained germinal vesicle (GV) stage was evaluated using...

Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida L.) was first identified in Canada 2008. Although early studies attributed resistance this species solely to non-target site mechanisms, the presence of a proline (P) serine (S) mutation at position 106 EPSPS2 common and has recently been reported. The objective research (i) determine whether P106S is present historical samples seed collected from report glyphosate resistance, (ii) frequency distribution resistant susceptible biotypes as...

The serine/threonine kinase 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein (AMPK), a heterotrimeric known as metabolic switch, is involved in oocyte nuclear maturation mice, cattle, and swine. present study analyzed AMPK activation cumulus cell expansion during vitro (IVM) of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) well-known activator AMPK. It inhibited meiotic resumption COC. Moreover, did not occur the presence AICAR,...

Glyphosate-resistant populations of Conyza canadensis have been spreading at a rapid rate in Ontario, Canada, since first being documented 2010. Determining the genetic relationship among existing Ontario is necessary to understand spread and selection resistant biotypes. The objectives this study were to: (1) characterize variation C. accessions from province using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (2) investigate molecular mechanism (s) conferring resistance these accessions....

Prodiamine is a dinitroaniline herbicide labeled for PRE control of goosegrass in warm- and cool-season turfgrass. In 2013, several golf course roughs Maryville, TN reported poor (< 20%) following prodiamine treatment at 1,120 g ai ha -1 . We harvested suspected prodiamine-resistant (PR) prodiamine-susceptible (S) phenotypes from the field exposed them to range increasing concentrations hydroponic culture. Exposure 0.001 mM reduced root growth S phenotype 11% non-treated check. By...

This is the first record of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor resistance in eastern Canada, and second a glyphosate-resistant weed Quebec. In 2016 2017, waterhemp seed was collected from 25 locations across Ontario All populations tested positive for imazethapyr resistance. Three-way to imazethapyr, atrazine, glyphosate confirmed 80% samples. Additionally, between 2015 74 or Quebec lactofen 28% lots screened.

Poa annua is a pervasive grassy, self-pollinating, weed that has evolved resistance to 10 different herbicide modes-of-action, third most of all species. We investigated constitutive overexpression genes associated with non-target site (NTSR) in POAAN-R3 and the response those when treated trifloxysulfuron despite biotype having known target mutation acetolactate synthase (ALS).Despite an ALS mutation, still had transcriptomic application differed from susceptible biotype. observed...

Small weed patches may be noticed in fields after herbicide application, but they typically do not have a significant impact on the season’s crop yield. As result, are usually treated as threat to future yields. However, if these harbour biotypes resistant one or multiple herbicides, resistance alleles can spread both spatially (via various dispersal pathways, including seed transport by machinery and commodity contamination) temporally (through persistence). This poses herbicide-based...

Potato producers in the Atlantic Canadian provinces of New Brunswick (NB) and Prince Edward Island (PE) rely on photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide metribuzin for weed management. Recently, potato region have reported unacceptable common lambsquarters control following an application metribuzin. Tissue seed samples were collected from escaped populations across producing regions NB PE screened Ser264Gly mutation psbA. Overall, 46% sampled possessed region. Cross-resistance testing to...

Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae are bacterial phytopathogens responsible for considerable yield losses in commercial pome fruit production. The pathogens, if left untreated, can compromise tree health economically impact entire productions. Historically, the choice of effective control methods has been limited. use antibiotics was proposed as an method. identification these pathogens screening presence antibiotic resistance is paramount adoption implementation disease methods....

Abstract Plant evolution has been a complex process involving hybridization and polyploidization making understanding the origin of plant’s genome challenging even once published is available. The oilseed crop, Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae), fully sequenced allohexaploid with 3 unknown ancestors. To better understand which extant species best represent ancestral genomes that contributed to C. sativa’s formation, we assembled chromosome level draft for 4 diploid members Camelina: neglecta...

The introgression of a transgene conferring glyphosate resistance from Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) to rapa weeds (bird rape) was documented at single location in 2007. In 2015, several cases resistant mustard were reported by growers areas where rapeseed seldom grown.Survey result indicated bird rape is present tolerant corn and soybean are often grown rotation. Genetic analyses reveal that hybridization followed progressive loss chromosome the likely mechanism for horizontal gene...

Abstract Limited information exists on the global economic impact of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. The objective this manuscript was to estimate potential yield and loss from uncontrolled GR weeds in major field crops grown Ontario, Canada. weed interference crop determined using an extensive database trials completed commercial farms southwestern Ontario between 2010 2021. Crop estimated by expert opinion (weed scientists government specialists) when research data were unavailable. This...