A5090119879- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Climate change and permafrost
- Geological formations and processes
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Seedling growth and survival studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Ontario Forest Research Institute
2011-2024
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry
2011-2024
University of Toronto
2011-2020
Michigan Technological University
2011
Significance Over many millennia, northern peatlands have accumulated large amounts of carbon and nitrogen, thus cooling the global climate. shorter timescales, peatland disturbances can trigger losses peat release greenhouses gases. Despite their importance to climate, remain poorly mapped, vulnerability permafrost warming is uncertain. This study compiles over 7,000 field observations present a data-driven map nitrogen stocks. We use these maps model impact thaw on find that will likely...
Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists 268 cores 215 sites located north 45°N. It encompasses regions within which data have only recently become available, such as West Siberia Lowlands, Hudson Bay Kamchatka in Far East Russia, Tibetan Plateau. For all peatlands, content organic matter was estimated at 42 ± 3% (standard deviation)...
Abstract Northern peatlands store ~500 Pg of carbon (C); however, controls on the spatial distribution stored C may differ regionally, owing to complex interaction among climate, ecosystem processes, and geophysical controls. As a globally significant sink, elucidation in Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada (HBL), is particular importance. Although peat age related timing land emergence depth HBL, considerable variation total mass (kg m −2 ) sites similar suggests that other factors explain patterns...
Peatlands cover approximately 12% of the Canadian landscape and play an important role in carbon cycle through their centennial- to millennial-scale storage under waterlogged anoxic conditions. In recognizing potential these ecosystems as natural climate solutions therefore need include them national greenhouse gas inventories, Model for module (CaMP v. 2.0) was developed by Forest Service. parameterization included compiling peat profiles across Canada calibrate decomposition rates from...
Northern peatlands are a globally significant carbon (C) reservoir, yet also function as dynamic methane (CH 4 ) sources to the atmosphere. The fate of peatland C stores and related climate system feedbacks remain uncertain under scenarios changing enhanced anthropogenic pressure. Here, we present synthesis Holocene dynamics for Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL), Canada, in relation past atmospheric CH trends, glacial isostatic adjustment, paleoclimate. We report that age trophic status, together...
Abstract Permafrost thaw in northern peatlands alters the ground thermal conditions, moisture, and chemistry that control microbial activity responsible for production of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane from decomposing organic matter. This paper examines interactions between communities, peat chemistry, moisture content, temperature context degrading palsa fields vast (372,000 km 2 ), carbon rich, rapidly warming permafrost Hudson Bay Lowlands. The sensitivities GHG consumption fen...
Holocene fire records from charcoal are critical to understand linkages between regional climate and regime create effective management plans. The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) of Canada is one the largest continuous peatland complexes in world predicted be increasingly impacted by wildfire. We present three a bog western HBL demonstrate that median frequency was higher Middle Holocene, related warmer temperatures evaporative demand. frequencies lower than Canadian peatlands, supporting lies...
Abstract The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) stores a significant proportion of the northern peatland carbon pool, and constraints on factors controlling local‐scale variation are needed to better predict soil stocks. We investigated two treed sites, fen bog, understand how local ecohydrological impacted long‐term storage. Ecohydrological conditions were reconstructed using quantitative water table depth reconstructions from testate amoebae (TA) broad peat type classifications. also linked these...
Peatlands help regulate climate by sequestering (net removal) carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in plants soils. However, as mean annual air temperature (MAAT) increases, peat stocks may decrease. We conducted an in-depth synthesis of current knowledge about ecosystem controls on peatland storage fluxes to constrain most influential parameters probabilistic modelling sinks, such Bayesian belief networks. Evaluated included climate, flux mass, land cover, landscape position (defined...
Abstract Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane, yet roles region and paleoclimate in explaining variability Holocene atmospheric methane concentrations remain poorly constrained. The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) is one world's continuous peatland regions a significant methane. We present here, using novel proxy‐based approach, fluxes for HBL. Paleo‐methane were quantified based on water table depth (WTD), inferred from testate amoeba assemblages nine peat records. WTDs...
In 2003, commercial harvest of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) in Ontario began—but without a sustainable policy. 2005, we began to determine the sustainability three intensity treatments at sites central Ontario. Harvest were labelled control (no initial harvest), light (two-year-old shoots removed), moderate (three-year-old and severe (seven-year-old removed). We also looked effects season levels on shoot regrowth. After four years, severe-harvest plants yielded less than half biomass...
Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) extend from sporadic to continuous permafrost zones. They store ~30 Pg of soil carbon, ~10% which is sequestered permafrost. Palsa fields and peat plateaus are dominant features HBL northern Ontario, but pronounced warming trends area associated with accelerated degradation these features. This research investigated greenhouse gas production potential (CO2 CH4) peatlands near Peawanuck, ON, context rapid palsa degradation. Active layer samples...