To predict how climate change will influence populations, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms, particularly microevolution and phenotypic plasticity, that allow populations persist in novel environmental conditions. Although evidence for climate-induced widespread, documenting these changes are due exceedingly rare. In this study, we use 32 years of genetic data (17 complete generations) determine whether there has been a towards earlier migration timing population pink salmon shows...

The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is well understood, but evolution the proteins involved not. We combined phylogenetic, genomic, and structural biology analyses to examine twelve mitochondrial encoded closely related, yet phenotypically diverse, Pacific salmon. Two separate identified same seven positively selected sites in ND5. A strong signal was also detected at three ND2. An energetic coupling analysis revealed several structures ND5 protein that may have co-evolved with sites....

Variation in mitochondrial DNA is often assumed to be neutral and used construct the genealogical relationships among populations species. However, if extant variation result of episodes positive selection, these genealogies may incorrect, although this information itself provide biologically evolutionary meaningful information. In fact, Darwinian selection has been detected mitochondrial-encoded subunits that comprise complex I from diverse taxa with seemingly dissimilar bioenergetic life...

Abstract Evaluating salmon hatchery supplementation programs requires assessing not only program objectives but identifying potential risks to wild populations as well. Such evaluations can be hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between hatchery‐ and wild‐born returning adults. Here, we conducted 3 years (2011–2013) of experimental sockeye Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska where a permanent weir allows sampling genotyping every adult (2008–2019). We identified both adults with parentage...

Hybrids of genetically isolated odd- and even-year pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from the same stream were made by fertilizing eggs with cryopreserved milt. Anadromous first-generation (F 1 ) hybrids controls returned to hatchery at equal rates (153 5483 160 5492, respectively), on average date, size. However, variances F size (female length weight male length) exceeded control sizes, suggesting increased genetic variation in 's. Only 11 5165 2 's returned. similar meristically fish...

The stocking of indigenous or exotic fish species is often a desirable aspect fisheries rehabilitation programs. Two strategies are proposed for the choice stocking. first plan involves making separate collections from each several genetically different populations, performing all possible crosses between sources, and then progeny. In contrast to selective breeding programs, this strategy maximizes genetic variability relies on environment selection most appropriate genotypes. second sample...

Abstract Over most of their natural northern Pacific Ocean range, pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) spawn in a habitat that was repeatedly and profoundly affected by Pleistocene glacial advances. A strictly two‐year life cycle has resulted two reproductively isolated broodlines, which alternating years evolved as temporal replicates the same species. To study influence historical events on phylogeographical population genetic structure we first reconstructed fine‐scale mtDNA haplotype...

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected from 13 Alaskan drainages were genetically characterized at 28 protein coding loci using starch–gel electrophoresis. in western Alaska are generally quite similar to each other but distinct the more diverse southeastern populations. Genetic compositions of populations intermediate between those and previously studied non-Alaskan south. Given that chinook survived Wisconsin glaciation both Bering Pacific refuges, we propose refuges...

Anthropogenic-induced change is forcing organisms to shift their distributions and colonize novel habitats at an increasing rate, which leads complex interactions among evolutionary processes. Coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) have colonized recently deglaciated streams of Glacier Bay in Alaska within the last 220 years. We examined divergence populations background matching coloration tested hypothesis that observed variation due morphological color plasticity. To examine how...

Accumulating evidence has indicated that many fish populations are responding to climate change through shifts in migration time, but genetic data identifying the role of evolution these rare. One first demonstrations time was produced by monitoring allozyme alleles were experimentally manipulated genetically mark late-migrating pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Here, we extend research using observations marker fry demonstrate changes caused directional selection against phenotype...

Quantitative genetic variation of development rate was evident among 20 half-sib and 40 full-sib families within each two seasonally separate components a population pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) (H o : no sire effect on temperature units at hatch, P < 0.02). Differences between averages spawned 3 weeks apart may have had or environmental sources (e.g., in constant 8°C, early embryos hatched 606 units, late embryos, 625). Statistical interactions paternal effects environment...

We evaluated the status of Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in southeastern Alaska. Of 9,296 spawning aggregates identified this region, some data were available for 4,009 (43%), 928 (10%) had sufficient information to analyze escapement trend. those analyzed, 333 (36%) increasing, 556 (60%) stable, 37 (4%) declining, 2 (< 1%) showed precipitous declines. risk extinction using criteria similar surveys outside rated 918 (99%) at no or low risk, 8 (∼ moderate high risk. No as...

Abstract Seven segments of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), comprising 97% the genome, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and examined for restriction site variation using 13 endonucleases in three species Pacific salmon: pink ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ), chum O. keta ) sockeye nerka salmon. The distribution variability across seven mtDNA differed substantially among species. Little similarity variable sites was found even between genomes even‐ odd‐year broodlines Significantly...

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) previously thought to require salt water for completion of their life cycle, have been firmly established in the Great Lakes following an accidental introduction into Lake Superior. We compare allelic frequencies at 27 protein-coding loci from collections pink with those anadromous population (Lakelse River, British Columbia) which they were derived. Although are consistent a single introduction, observed these differ substantially Lakelse River...

Abstract We demonstrate a clear example of local adaptation seasonal timing spawning and embryo development. The consequence is population pink salmon that segmented into groups use the same limited habitat. synthesize published observations with results new analyses to genetic variation these traits in survival differentials related variation, density‐dependent mortality seasonally variable juvenile are mechanism selection. Most examples natural systems depend on observed correlations...

Allozymes from 46 loci were analyzed chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected at 61 locations in southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. Of the 42 variable loci, 21 had a common allele frequency &lt;0.95. We observed significant heterogeneity within among six regional groups: central Alaska, Prince of Wales Island area, southern – Columbia, north-central two groups Queen Charlotte Islands. Genetic variation regions was significantly greater than regions. The three island distinct...