The methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process are 2 epochal technological discoveries in the synfuels arena, first introduced by Mobil Oil Corporation, some 50 years after Fischer-Tropsch process. Apart from breakthroughs, MTG MTO processes have also provided a rich tableau for scientific research pursuits. In this report, we will provide anecdotal information pertaining to discovery development of these processes. We then focus on how has evolved into stand-alone...

Abstract X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended fine (EXAFS) have been used to elucidate the structural features of a 2 % Rh–2.5 Fe/TiO catalyst for syngas conversion ethanol. The results from Rh K‐edge Fe spectroscopy on fresh exposed air indicated that both were present as highly dispersed oxides titania, adopted +3 formal oxidation state. For reduced in H at 573 K, EXAFS revealed RhRh interactions (coordination number N =6.1, distance r =2.67 Å) second feature arising...

Abstract Methanol can be converted into gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons over zeolite ZSM-5 catalyst using the Mobil MTG process. feed in process derived from coal or natural gas based syngas. The involves conversion steps of syngas-to-methanol and methanol-to-gasoline. Dimethyl Ether (DME), a product methanol dehydrocondensation, is an intermediate species methanol-to-gasoline conversion. Syngas directly to DME Liquid Phase Synthesis (LP-DME) developed at University Akron conjunction...

The development of a process for the synthesis methyl methacrylate (MMA) from coal-derived syngas can alleviate environmental hazards associated with current commercial MMA technology, acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) process. A three-step syngas-based consisted propionic acid, its condensation formaldehyde, and esterification resulting methacrylic acid (MAA) to form MMA. first two steps, condensation, are discussed here. low-temperature, low-pressure single-step hydrocarbonylation ethylene is...

In this report, we shed an illuminating light on the recent developments nature of active site in copper and microstructural analysis (based HRTEM/EDX/X-ray techniques) Cu/ZnO methanol catalyst. We investigate/analyze two phenomena frequently invoked to explain key promotional role Zn Cu-based catalysts: Formation a near-surface Cu-Zn alloy by substitutional displacement Cu atoms Zn, especially at perimeter interface polarization electron densities, which can lead additional charge transfer...

ABSTRACT A novel process for manufacturing dimethyl ether (DME) from CO-rich syngas in a single stage has been developed. This approach was based on the application of dual catalysis liquid phase process, which two functionally different catalysts are slurried inert mineral oil. The experimental reaction rate studies methanol and synthesis were conducted three-phase, mechanically agitated slurry reactor. effects catalyst ratio, temperature, pressure catalytic activity studied. data bear...

One of the very long-standing controversies in CO/CO2 hydrogenation chemistry has been following: What is principal source C methanol product, CO or CO2? In other words, do and CO2 proceed independently, parallel, over industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst? Using state art experimental data our analysis prior studies techniques including isotopic labeling studies, radioactive tracers, FTIR, XPS, E-TEM, we discuss findings analyze theoretical first-principles calculational data, to come up with a...

Heterogeneous catalysis is a key pillar of the global industrial chemical and petrochemical sector, 85% all products are produced with at least one catalytic step. Indeed, reactors critical underpinning science for energy, environmental, economic security. This paper reviews some future directions research in science, toward greener more sustainable future. We believe that even relatively mature field as heterogeneous nanomaterials can be vitalized spurred by major discoveries, but an...

In Parts I & II of this Series, we illustrated the process research studies on a new, trendsetting indirect syngas conversion process, direct, one-step LPDMEtm which is now shining example "dual catalysis" or "cooperative/adaptive" catalysis and also thermodynamic/kinetic coupling in series-parallel reactions.In part III, take look at several processes pilot scale that employ methanol DME as chemical feedstocks for further to value-added chemicals. A most rational cogent argument use...

ABSTRACT The mass transfer characteristics of the liquid phase methanol synthesis process were experimentally investigated using a one-liter, mechanically agitated slurry reactor. CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was crushed to -140 mesh and suspended in an inert mineral oil (Witco # 40). loading varied within limits experimental feasibility. effects temperature, pressure, level oil, impeller speed, gas flow rate on overall gas-liquid coefficient KLiaB studied results obtained two-level,...

A novel one-step process for co-production of dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol, in the liquid phase, was conceived as an advance over phase methanol synthesis (LPMeOHtm). This direct, DME (LPDMEtm) is based on application "dual catalysis", where 2 functionally different yet compatible catalysts are used a physical mixture, well-dispersed inert phase. Three reactions, (via CO CO2), water-gas shift, dehydration (to form DME) take place catalysts, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 typically γ-Al2O3. The...

Abstract In the LPDME process, methanol synthesis catalyst (composed of CuO, ZnO, and Al2O3) dehydration (gamma-alumina) are slurried in inert liquid phase. The catalysts constitute solid Syngas components (H2, CO, CO2, CH4) products (CH3OH, H2O, DME) vapor At least three chemical reactions, viz., synthesis, water-gas shift, also occur simultaneously multicomponent phase equilibrium simultaneous reaction for this process system have been studied. thermodynamic analysis has presented terms...

ABSTRACT The kinetics of the liquid phase catalytic dehydration methanol to dimethyl ether were investigated. experiments carried out under low concentrations feed in a 1-L stirred autoclave, according statistical experimental design. inert used for this investigation was 78:22 blend paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils. A complete thermodynamic analysis order determine dissolved species. global kinetic model developed rate synthesis terms concentration methanol. activation energy reaction...

ABSTRACT In part I of this series on the development a single-stage, liquid-phase dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis process from syngas, feasibility and variable effects dual catalyst activity were discussed. This focuses comparison single-stage reactor productivity liquid phase methanol to that co-production DME. It is experimentally demonstrated for DME could be as much 60% higher than alone. Along with this, 50% increase in syngas conversion also obtained. Further, approach shown co-produce...

Methacrylate monomers can be formed by the reaction of methanol and a propionate, e.g., propionic acid, anhydride, or methyl propionate. Formaldehyde, necessary intermediate, produced from via either dehydrogenation partial oxidation. The equilibrium compositions for several variations this chemistry were calculated as function temperature, total pressure, inlet composition using free-energy minimization technique. thermodynamic analysis revealed that route gave higher propionate conversion...

A novel one-step process for co-production of dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol, in the liquid phase was first conceived by UA researchers, as an advance over methanol synthesis (LPMeOHtm). The one-step, direct DME (LPDMEtm) is based on application “dual catalysis”, where 2 functionally different yet compatible catalysts are used a physical mixture, well-dispersed inert phase. Three reactions, (via CO CO2), water-gas shift, dehydration (to form DME) take place catalysts, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3...

The methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and methanol-to-olefins (MTO) processes are 2 epochal technological discoveries in the synfuels arena, first introduced by Mobil Oil Corporation, some 50 years after Fischer–Tropsch process. Apart from breakthroughs commercial success, MTG MTO have also provided a rich tableau for scientific research pursuits, filled with controversies/challenges advances, especially formation of C–C bond, methanol/ dimethyl ether (DME), over H-ZSM-5 catalyst. In this report,...

As a stand-alone reaction, it is an important industrial reaction used in the manufacture of ammonia, to balance H2/CO ratio, and provide pure H2 at expense CO. It also side that occurs parallel main synthesis reactions conjunction with steam reforming methane (over Ni-based catalysts), methanol from CO/CO2/ mixtures Cu/ZnO/Al2O3) [1-4]. The WGSR critical component reducing CO concentrations feed gas streams proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Pt electrodes are highly susceptible...