This paper proposes a decision-making framework, based on stochastic programming, for retailer: 1) to determine the sale price of electricity customers time-of-use (TOU) rates, and 2) manage portfolio different contracts in order procure its demand hedge against risks, within medium-term period. Supply sources include pool, self-production facilities several instruments such as forward contracts, call options, interruptible contracts. The objective is maximize profit simultaneously minimize...

Deregulation in the power system industry and invention of new technologies for producing electrical energy have led to innovations distribution planning (DSP). Distributed generation (DG) is one most attractive that brings different kinds advantages a wide range entities, engaged systems. In this paper, model considering DGs DSP problem presented. model, an optimal flow (OPF) proposed minimize capital costs network upgrading, operation maintenance costs, cost losses handling load growth...

In this paper, a multi-period integrated framework is developed for generation expansion planning (GEP), transmission (TEP), and natural gas grid (NGGEP) problems large-scale systems. New nodal requirements, new lines, (NG) pipelines are simultaneously obtained in horizon. addition, approach proposed to compute NG load flow by considering compressors. order solve the mixed integer nonlinear problem, based on genetic algorithms. The performance investigated applying it typical electric-NG...

Reduction of overall system inertia in response to increasing penetration level Micro-Grids (MGs) makes frequency control more challenging. In this paper, a new analytical approach mathematically investigate the impact on power stability is proposed. The method interprets dynamic behavior penetrated based conventional terms minimum instantaneous frequency, steady state deviation and 15-second rolling window. Then, indices are proposed determine maximum allowable MGs level. These derived by...

Nowadays, an energy management system (EMS) located at power grid control centers plays a critical role in ensuring the reliable operation of grid. The SE serves as main interface EMS with grid, and because that other functionalities rely on its provided data. Recent studies show state estimator is vulnerable to various types cyber-attacks. Among different such attacks, false data injection attacks (FDIAs) are proven be one most stealth ones attracted much attention. Various countermeasures...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper addresses the problem of a multiyear security constrained hybrid generation-transmission expansion planning. It is assumed that overall generation requirements network are known along planning horizon, but their allocations unknown. Moreover fuel cost throughout not uniform. By allocating capacity among grid nodes, and determining new transmission element additions system minimized....

This study concentrates on the strategic interaction among suppliers in a centralized market where electrical energy and spinning reserve are simultaneously traded. A bilevel optimization technique mathematical program with equilibrium constraints approach utilized to develop optimal bidding strategy for competitive participating these markets. The behavior of each supplier is represented via parameterized Supply Function Equilibria (SFE) model. Two versions SFE considered. They referred as...

This study presents an approach for developing the dynamic equivalent model of active distribution network (ADN), consisting several micro-grids, frequency stability studies. The proposed grey-box relies on Prony analysis to establish stop time and load damping as required modelling parameters. Support vector clustering (SVC) grouping procedure are employed aggregation order-reduction ADN. significantly decreases sensitivity estimated parameters operating point changes which, in turn,...

Frequency security is an essential issue in power system operation and planning, especially with the increasing penetration level of intermittent non-synchronous energy sources, which causes insufficiency inertial primary frequency responses. Therefore, various studies must observe problem formulation as objective function and/or constraints. This letter proposes a Security Index (FSI), determines based on all aspects profile. index presents quantitative percentage for order to specify...

Substation expansion planning (SEP), as a major module of power system modules, is addressed in this paper. For long-term transmission SEP, new approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) optimization tool proposed, which by defining appropriate objective function and various constraints, well existing substation requirements are determined. The proposed successfully tested for the Iranian Power Grid 2011.

Available transfer capability (ATC) is a key index of the remaining transmission system for future transactions. To calculate ATC between two areas in an interconnected power system, capacity benefit margin (CBM) one indexes that need to be assessed. CBM ensures security operation when faces generation deficiency some areas. In this paper, three new methods are introduced which reflect different objectives assessment. This provides more flexibility choices market participants. proposed...

Bayesian network (BN) is a strong framework for handling probabilistic events which have received limited attention in power system reliability assessment. By applying BN bulk assessment, additional capabilities are provided at modelling and analysis levels comparison with conventional methods. This study proposes methodology to apply BNs composite (CPS) modelling, assessment reliability-based analyses. A minimal cutset (MC)-based method proposed extract the structure. Moreover, parameters...

The increasing integration of communication technologies into the power grids has raised concerns about maintaining their cyber security in recent years. Since State Estimator (SE) plays a critical role grid operation, special attention been paid to its vulnerabilities. Especially, class attacks this module, so called False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) received attention. So far, various methods perform an FDIA on SE have proposed literature. There are also other researches suggesting...